- 1、本文档共6页,可阅读全部内容。
- 2、原创力文档(book118)网站文档一经付费(服务费),不意味着购买了该文档的版权,仅供个人/单位学习、研究之用,不得用于商业用途,未经授权,严禁复制、发行、汇编、翻译或者网络传播等,侵权必究。
- 3、本站所有内容均由合作方或网友上传,本站不对文档的完整性、权威性及其观点立场正确性做任何保证或承诺!文档内容仅供研究参考,付费前请自行鉴别。如您付费,意味着您自己接受本站规则且自行承担风险,本站不退款、不进行额外附加服务;查看《如何避免下载的几个坑》。如果您已付费下载过本站文档,您可以点击 这里二次下载。
- 4、如文档侵犯商业秘密、侵犯著作权、侵犯人身权等,请点击“版权申诉”(推荐),也可以打举报电话:400-050-0827(电话支持时间:9:00-18:30)。
查看更多
现代英语词汇学概论最强版复习资料chapter7
Chapter 7 Sense Relations Between Words
7.1 Synonymy同义关系
7.2 Antonymy反义关系
7.3 Hyponymy上下义关系
7.4 Semantic Field 语义场
7.1 Synonymy
Synonyms: words differing in sound form but identical or similar in meaning.
*Synonymy: a relationship of ‘sameness of meaning’ that may hold between two words.
Synonym: a word that means the same as another.
*Or exactly one of two or more words which have the same or very nearly the same essential meaning.
Kinds of synonyms
There are two kinds of synonyms
Complete synonyms: are words which are identical in meaning in all its aspects.
*They’re rare .
Two words are totally synonyms only if they are fully identical in meaning and interchangeable in any context without the slightest alteration in connotative ,affective and stylistic meanings .
Eg. spirants –fricative (phonetics ) caecitis –typhlitis (medicine )
word-formation – word-building (lexicology )
Relative synonyms : also called quasi-synonyms.
Differ from complete synonyms in the following respects:
In degree of a given quality or in shade of meaning;
Eg. small ,tiny ,diminutive ,minute ,microscopic ,infinitesimal ---they denote different degrees of smallness
anger ,rage ,fury ,indignation ,wrath –they denote the emotional excitement induced by intense displeasure .
In affective meaning, and stylistic meaning;
affective meaning(emotive meaning )
Eg. little –small
little –emotion is associate with the designation
small –has no affective meaning
thrifty /frugal –niggardly /miserly black –nigger
stylistic meaning: words which refers to the same thing but belong to different stylistic layers :neutral (common ),colloquial ,literary ,slang ,vulgar ,scientific and technical ,ect.
Eg. chide (literary )
berate (neutral )
scold (neutral )
blame (neutral)
carpet (colloquial ,esp. BrE)
tell off (colloquial)
bawl out (AmE.,slang )
In collocation and distribution:
Eg. pretty –girl /child /flower /garden /colour /village/cottage
handsome –boy
文档评论(0)