英汉句法的差异.pptVIP

英汉句法的差异;英汉句法差异;Contrast Between English and Chinese;汉语：主题显著的语言 (topic-prominent language), 采用主题-述题(topic-comment)的句式 “话语 ---说明结构” 汉语句子建立在意念主轴 (thought-pivot)上。汉语句子的“话题”与“说明”是从句子顺序上说的。“话题”是说话人想要说明的对象，总是放在句子开头处。。 英语：主语显著的语言 (subject-prominent language), 几乎都采用主语-谓语(subject-predicate) 的句式 “主语 --- 谓语结构” 英语句子建立在形式(或主谓)主轴(form-pivot)上。; 那所房子你们早该修了。 英语这门语言，学会它可不容易。 这里建大桥，我看行不通。;Contrast Between English and Chinese;英语注重形式结构完整，注重以形显义。 1，连接词 If winter comes，can spring be far behind? 如果冬天到了，春天还会远吗？ If I had known it would come to this，I would have acted differently.早知今日，何必当初。;2，介词（英语造句几乎离不开介词，汉语则常常不用或省略介词） The many colors of a rainbow range from red on the outside to violet on the Inside. 彩虹有多种颜色，外圈红，内圈紫。 The present onslanght of vehicles poses a serious threat to urban life and pedestrian peace of mind.当前，车辆横冲直撞，严重地威胁着城市生活，路上行人提心吊胆。;长句vs短句;Contrast Between English and Chinese;Chinese: left-extending, heavy-headed like a lion;He is reading. He is reading a book. He is reading a book written by Mark Twain. He is reading a book written by Mark Twain in the reading-room. He is reading a book written by Mark Twain in the reading-room on the second floor of our library. He is reading a book written by Mark Twain in the reading-room on the second floor of our library which has just opened. ; Passive vs. Active;The difficulties have been overcome, and the problem solved. 困难克服了，问题也解决了。 Why should all these unpleasant jobs be pushed on to me? 为什么总要把这些麻烦事推给我？ ; Static vs. Dynamic; He is a good eater and a good sleeper. 他能吃能睡。 再走几步就到实验大楼了。 A few steps will bring you to the laboratory building./ Walk a few steps and you will reach the lab building. 我国科学研究发展的特点是理论联系实际。 The development of scientific research in our country is characterized by the combination/ link of theory with practice.;英语句子和汉语句子的中心一般都落在结果、结论、假设或事实上；但是中心的位置不同：英语句子一般时前中心；汉语句子一般是后中心。;A. 英文先结果，后原因 因为我爱他而不是恨他，所以我才会批评他。 I criticized him, not because I hate him but because I love him. 也许校园生活并非总像