英译汉第三讲创新.pptVIP

【人生五大发展阶段】;The Process of Translation ;;Traditionally, the process of translation is divided into comprehension of the source language text(SLT), and reproduction of the SLT in the target language. However, it is necessary to add another procedure known as improvement of the target language text(TLT). ;In Nida’s view, even the basic process in translation consists of four steps of analysis, transfer, restructuring, and test. Analysis is the procedure of determining the meaning of the source text, including the meaning of lexeme, syntax, rhetorical devices, discourse, etc. Transfer involves the shifting of thinking from the SL to TL. Restructuring means transformation of deep structures in the SLT into surface structures in the TLT. Test is a contrastive analysis of the SLT with the TLT in terms of meaning. ;Nida’s 8 steps of translation : 1. The sender selects a message in the source language. 2. Encodes(编码) the message in signal 1 with the SL context. 3. Transmits signal 1 containing the message. 4. The translator receives signal 1 manifesting the message. 5. Decodes（译码）signal 1 in the light of the SL context. 6. Comprehends the message. 7. Encodes the message by means of the target language via the TL context. 8. Transmits signal 2 containing the message. ;Another thing we should note is that people who share the same language share greater context than people who do not share the same language, therefore, there exist context defaults(上下文缺省). People who speak different languages in different cultures will default differently(不同语言的上下文缺省情况不同). And it is the translators’ task to decide which default in the source language and culture should be filled up (补偿缺省) in the TL text. ;A correct understanding of the SLT, which is the prerequisite of its adequate reproduction, is derived from a good comprehension of the SLT at both the macrolevel and the microlevel. ;Macrocomprehension of the SLT comprises a good understanding of: the text type the background or setting