国际贸易实务 案例题解2-5章(英文版).doc

Chapter two IV. Short questions Who pays for loading for shipment under FOB? 答：Seller. Who pays for unloading under CIF? 答：Buyer. Compare and contrast FOB, CFR and CIF? 答：Similarities: a. Seller’s risk will be transferred to the buyer when the goods pass the ship’s rail. b. Seller is responsible for export customs formalities while buyer is responsible for import customs formalities. c. Buyer is responsible for unloading the goods at the port of destination. d. All three terms can only be used for waterway transportation. Differences: a. FOB requires the buyer to arrange and pay for the ocean transportation; CFR requires the seller to arrange and pay for the ocean transportation; CIF requires the seller to arrange and pay for the ocean transportation and insurance against the buyer’s risk. What are the two types of trade terms concerning the transfer of risks? 答：Shipment contract terms vs. arrival contract terms. Under shipment contract terms seller’s risk will be transferred to the buyer before the goods depart from the place/port of shipment. Under arrival contract terms seller will bear the risk of the goods until the goods arrive the destination. What are the differences and similarities between CPT and CFR? 答：Major similarities: a. seller should contract and pay for the major carriage. b. Seller is not taking the risk of loss or damage to the goods during the transportation. Difference: a. CPT is applicable to any kind of transportation mode while CFR is only used for waterway transport. b. Under CPT seller’s risk will be transferred to the buyer when the goods are handed over to the first carrier nominated by seller. Under CFR seller’s risk will be transferred when the goods pass over the ship’s rail. What are the differences and similarities between CIP and CIF? 答：Major similarities: a. seller should contract and pay for the major carriage. b. Seller is not taking the risk of loss or damage to the goods during the transportation. c. Seller must obtain insura