0225李有观10663美国《校车安全条例》.docVIP

10663 美国的《校车安全条例》 李有观编译 近期以来，我国连续出现令人痛心疾首的重大校车安全事故，目前国内正在就《校车安全条例》草案公开征求意见，中国校车安全备受关注。下面介绍美国的《校车安全条例》，该条例从校车的设计、制造和维护，校车司机的培训到运输安全与应急措施等，都有详细的规定。该条例对于国内校车安全管理具有很好的借鉴作用。 美国的《校车安全条例》由美国校车委员会签发。该委员会成员包括：美国校车运输协会、美国各州学生运输服务中心董事协会、蓝鸟集团、IC集团和托马斯客车制造有限公司等。 The Guidelines on Pupil Transportation are for use by those responsible for the safe transport of more than 26 million children to and from school each day — including school districts, bus companies and pupil transportation officials. The guidelines address transportation safety; emergency preparedness; bus driver qualifications, hiring and training; and health and environmental safety. They meet, and in some cases exceed, federal and state laws, and ensure that school buses are the safest mode of transportation for our nation’s schoolchildren. 《校车安全条例》的使用对象，是那些负责给每日往返于学校的学生提供安全运输的人，其中包括学区、客车公司以及负责校车运输的行政人员。该条例涉及运输安全,应急措施，校车司机的资格、聘用与培训，卫生与环境安全等，目的是确保校车是中小学生最安全的交通工具。 Health and Environmental Safety in School Bus Design and Construction 一、校车的设计与制造方面的卫生和环境安全 (一)I. Air Quality 一一一空气质量 ●??????? All operational school buses must comply with pollution emission requirements issued by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) at the date of manufacture.●??????? Federal law mandates that pollution controls be installed on all school bus diesel engines built in 2004 and later.??●?????? Based on a new U.S. EPA requirement and related industry practice, school buses use ultra-low sulfur diesel fuel or an alternative clean fuel as approved under the Clean Air Act. ●??????? All newly constructed school buses must meet new smog restriction regulations by reducing soot and smog-causing emissions by 90 and 95 percent, respectively.●??????? The American School Bus Council endorses the Clean School Bus USA initiative, the goal of which is to upgrade the nation’s entire school bus fleet by 2010 to reduce emissions by retrofitting older buses with new emission control technologies, incorporat