对位取代苯甲酸的酸性比较——比较思维的应用.pdfVIP

. 160. 广州化工 2011 i手 39 卷第 18 期 对位取代苯甲酸的酸性比较一一比较思维的应用* 肖竹平 1 ，邹海英 2 ( 1 吉首大学化学化工学院，湖南 吉首 416∞0;2 吉首市第一中学，湖南 吉首 416∞0) 摘 要:比较思维方法的运用，有利于加深对事物的理解认识、提高学习效率和学习能力。本文就对位取代苯甲酸的酸性强弱 进行了讨论，通过比较二者的异间，指出空间效应是造成二者酸性差异的根本原因。通过这些问题的讨论，试图从一个侧面反映比较 思维在理顺思路、化解难点、寻找突破口方面的重要作用。 关键词:比较思维;对是基苯甲酸;对甲氧基苯甲酸;酸性比较 Application of Comparative Thinking in Comparison of the Acid Strength of P - Substituted Benzoic Acid * XIAO Zhu - ping , ZOU Zhαi-ying2 (College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Jishou University , Hunan Jishou 416000; The No.l Middle School of Jishou , Hunan Jishou 416000 , China) Abstract: Comparative thinking was helpful to improve our understanding the objective things , leaming efficiency and leaming ability. By comparing the difference of the acid strength of p - substituted benzoic acids , it was found that the steric effect was important to the acid strength. Through discussion of these problems , the comparative thinking was dem? onstrated that it played an important role for straightening up thinking and solving the difficulties. Key words: comparative thinking; p - hy曲。xybenzoic acid; p - methoxybenzoic acid; comparison of the acid strength 对于甲基和起基、卤素和提基、硝基和程基等基团电子效应 杂化的 p 轨道上有一对 p ??子，并与苯环的霄轨道形成 p- 宵共 的比较，在很多教科书上都有比较，而且由于电子效应差异大，