空气γ值的测定.ppt

Lab. 12- Determine the ? value of air實驗12：空氣 ? 值的測定;Adiabatic process (絕熱過程);;Derive the ? value of idea gas;(19 – 11);f =3;Cv = 3/2R = 12.5 J/mol.K Cp = 5/2R = 20.8 J/mol.K Theoretical values of CV, CP, and ? are in excellent agreement for monatomic gases.;Molar Specific Heat for an Ideal gas;Adiabatic expansion dQ = 0 (絕熱膨脹) ;(19 – 16);Block Diagram of Clement-Desorms’ Experiment ;球型玻璃瓶(spherical glassware) 銅蓋(Cupper Tip, 可沿瓶口水平方向滑動而移開或滑入原位) 橡皮管 (rubber tube) 玻璃氣閥 (glass valve) 打氣球 (gas charging ball) U-型軟管(U-shape soft tube, 內裝測氣體壓力的液體);;;? Value derived in Classical Mechanics;Molar Specific Heat;Ideal Monatomic Gas- contains only one atom per molecule;At constant volume, Q = DEint = nCvDT applies to all ideal gases, not just monatomic ones. Cv = 3/2R = 12.5 J/mol.K Be in good agreement with experimental results for monatomic gases. In a constant pressure process, DEint = Q + W Cp – Cv = R ? Cp = 5/2R = 20.8 J/mol.K This also applies to any ideal gas Define a Ratio of Molar Specific Heats Theoretical values of CV, CP, and ? are in excellent agreement for monatomic gases or any ideal gas.;Adiabatic Process for an Ideal Gas;例題 柴油引擎汽缸;Other contributions to internal energy must be taken into account: Translational motion of the center of mass: 3 degrees of freedom Rotational motion about the various axes: 2 degrees of freedom for x and z axes ? To neglect the rotation around the y axis since it is negligible compared to the x and z axes. Eint = 5/2nRT CV = 5/2R = 20.8 J/mol.K Cp = 7/2R = 29.1 J/mol.K predicts that g = 7/5 = 1.40;The molecule can also vibrate There is kinetic energy and potential energy associated with the vibrations This adds two more degrees of freedom Eint = 7/2nRT, Cv = 7/2R = 29.1 J/mol.K g = 1.29;Agreement with Experiment-Molar specific heat of a diatomic gas (acts like a monatomic gas) is a function of T.;Quantization of Energy;DVD: 自然界的引擎(Engine of Nature)(MU46)