Oddi sphincter dysfunction regulation and diagnosis and treatment of.doc

 PAGE \* MERGEFORMAT 12 Oddi sphincter dysfunction regulation and diagnosis and treatment of [Keywords:] Oddi sphincter; diagnosis; treatment Oddi sphincter (SO) are located in bile ducts, pancreatic duct and the duodenum binding site of the neuromuscular complex is the final bile and pancreatic juice outflow tract. SO from the common bile duct sphincter, pancreatic duct sphincter, composed of ampulla sphincter and longitudinal muscle bundle. SO manometry results showed that the movement is a dynamic cyclical process of change, there is an active contraction is called peristalsis waves, originated in the lower common bile duct, the bile into the duodenum when the contraction and relaxation when the sphincter of bile into the tube . 1 Oddi sphincter movement adjustment 1.1 neuromodulator SO has α , β -adrenergic and cholinergic receptors. α receptor and cholinergic receptor-mediated SO contraction, β receptor-mediated SO relaxation. SO sphincter control cholinergic and adrenergic nerves to the central nervous system and exist in the SO muscle, as well as between the surface of the intestinal muscle neurons and ganglion cells in vivo are linked into a dense neural networks, major surgery such as gastric Department of resection, vagotomy, electrical stimulation, or cut off SO nervous when they dominate able to disrupt the intrinsic innervation affect sphincter function. At present the view that the vagus nerve in the regulation of SO play a major role in the movement. However, there is controversy on how the specific role, more recent studies tend to inhibit [1  2]. 1.2 fluid regulating a variety of gastrointestinal hormones have a regulatory role of the SO, cholecystokinin (CCK) is the most important hormones regulating biliary movement, eating, or after stimulation cholecystokinin, CCK release, so that cholecystokinin, and SO from the receptor-binding to the relaxation effect, this process requires the vagus nerve control and the duodenum and the sp