代词和限定词2绪论.ppt

第二章代词和限定词 代 词 代词分为人称代词,自身代词,关系代词,指示代词和疑问代词等九类.代词用来代替名词,在句中做主语或宾语. 第一节人称代词与先行词格的一致 [规则一] 人称代词有主格和宾格之分.在句中做主语,人称代词就用主格; 在句中做宾语或介词宾语, 人称代词就用宾格.例如: They are studying English in the classroom. Please pass them the papers. She gave the books to you and me. ;[规则二] as---as和more than结构中, 要慎用主格,宾格, 否则会发生歧义. 例如: She liked them as much as him. (him 作like 的宾语) She liked them as much as he. (he 作like 的主语) [规则三] 一个或几个名词同时与一个或几个人称代词作宾语时, 注意不要忽略代词的宾格变化. 例如: The class elected two representatives, Tom and me. [规则四] 强调句中, 人称代词的形式取决于它在从句中的成分. 例如: It was I who saw him. It was him whom I saw. ;例题 Three students leaders, Mike, Henry and _____ were greatly praised by our teacher for our cooperation. A. me B. I C. my D. mine The girl enjoyed skating as much as _____ did. As a result, they became good friends. A. him B. he C. they D. them [规则五]whoever的用法: 该词引导让步状语从句时, 无论在从句中做主语还是宾语, 只用主格. 同样 whoever 引导宾语从句或介宾从句时, 也用主格形式. 例如: Whoever telephones, tell him I am out. Whoever you marry, make sure he is honest. We will question whoever comes to the door. They will get the names of whoever comes to the door.;例题 Tell ____ you like. It makes no difference to me. whomever B. whoever C. whichever D. however You’re responsible to _____ is in charge of sales. A. whomever B. however C. whoever D. whatever [规则六] 当句子主语为 +人称代词时, 只要人称代词出现在主语位置, 用主格形式. 例如: Nobody but she can solve our problems. Nobody can solve our problems but her. Everybody except he agreed to our proposal. Everybody agreed to our proposal but him.;第二节代词与先行词一致 代词与先行词一致指的是指示代词,人称代词,物主代词在性,数,格等方面与句子中它所代表的先行词一致, 难点在于不定代词做主语时与代词一致, 复合先行词与代词一致, 多个先行词与代词???致的问题. [规则一] 不定代词anybody, anyone, each, either, everybody, everyone, neither, no one, nobody, somebody, someone作先行词时,要求单数的第三人称代词或物主代词与之配合.例如: Anybody would worry if Nazis were after him. Nobody can be sure how his children will behave.;[规则二] 集体名词作先行词时, 当指一个整体时, 它要求用单数代词与之配合, 如果指整体中的个体时, 要用复数代词形式. 例如: The troop stopped and made its c