现在完成式-OpenWebMail.doc

現在完成式(Present Perfect Tense) 前言：動詞有三態 ? 原形(VR)、過去式(pt)、過去分詞(pp) 規則變化：原形動詞+ed 則形成過去式和過去分詞 不規則變化：AAA型(動詞三態相同) put-put-put , read-read-read , hurt-hurt-hurt , cost-cost-cost … ABB型(過去式與過去分詞相同) win-won-won , hear-heard-heard , buy-bought-bought …. ABC型(動詞三態皆不相同) do-did-done , see-saw-seen , eat-ate-eaten…. ABA型(過去分詞與原形動詞相同) run-ran-run , come-came-come ….. 現在完成式的形式：have+過去分詞 / has+過去分詞 (have/has為助動詞) 肯定句 have+過去分詞 / has+過去分詞 否定句 haven’t + pp / hasn’t + pp 疑問句 Have / Has + 主詞 + pp…? Yes, 代名詞 have / has. 疑問詞 have / has + 主詞 + pp…? 現在完成式的使用時機 表示某動作已經做完了 have+p.p. ??表示某動作尚未做 haven’t+p.p. I have seen him this morning. (今天早上我已經見過他了。) He has bought a new bicycle. (他已經買了一輛新的腳踏車了。) I haven’t given the book to him. (我還沒有把書給他。) ＊肯定句可以加入already (位置have already p.p. 或 句尾) 否定句或疑問句可以加入yet (位置 句尾 或 have yet p.p.) Have you finished your homework yet? (你已經完成作業了嗎？) Yes, I have. I have finished my homework already. (是的，我已經完成作業了。) I have already finished my homework. No, I haven’t. I haven’t finished my homework yet. (不，我尚未完成作業。) ＊常見的時間副詞：just(剛剛)、recently / lately(最近)、today、this week…. I have just finished my homework. (have+just+pp) I haven’t heard from Jane lately. He has taken out the garbage this morning. ＊過去發生的動作，其結果影響到現在或其狀態繼續到現在 He has eaten nothing today.(他今天什麼都沒吃。現在一定很餓) I have lost my watch. (= I lost my watch and now I have no watch.) 比較 I lost my watch, but my mom found it for me this morning. 從過去到現在曾經有過的經驗 have+p.p.??未曾/從沒 have never p.p. ＊疑問句可以加入ever；否定句用never Have you ever seen the movie? Yes, I have. I have seen the movie. No, I never have. I have never seen it. Has Tom ever told the story? Yes, he has. He has told it. No, he never has. He has never told it. 注意：肯定句不得出現ever ； never在簡答及詳答的位置不同 ever只有在下列的