13.内分泌系统疾病课件.pptVIP

A diffusely enlarged thyroid gland associated with hyperthyroidism is known as Graves disease. At low power here, note the prominent infoldings of the hyperplastic epithelium. At high power, the tall columnar thyroid epithelium with Graves disease lines the hyperplastic infoldings into the colloid. 甲状腺腺瘤 Thyroid adenoma 甲状腺腺瘤是甲状腺滤泡上皮发生的最常见的甲状腺良性肿瘤，多见于青中年妇女，腺瘤生长缓慢，大部分病人无明显症状，约1%的患者可出现甲亢。 Ⅰ、Conception Ⅱ、Pathological feature 肉眼:多为单发,呈圆形或椭圆形，大小从直径数毫米到3-5cm，局限在一侧腺 体内，质地稍硬，表面光滑，无压痛，能随吞咽上下移动，有完整包膜，肿瘤中心有时可见囊性变，纤维化或钙化。 Ⅱ、Pathological feature Here is a surgical excision of a small mass from the thyroid gland that has been cut in half. The mass is well-circumscribed. Grossly it felt firm. By scintigraphic scan it was cold. This is a follicular adenoma. Here is another follicular neoplasm (a follicular adenoma histologically) that is surrounded by a thin white capsule. It is sometimes difficult to tell a well-differentiated follicular carcinoma from a follicular adenoma. 病理组织学分型: 滤泡型腺瘤 单纯型腺瘤 胶样型腺瘤 胎儿型腺瘤 胚胎型腺瘤 嗜酸性细胞腺瘤 病理组织学分型: ? The red arrow points to the predominantly small follicles contained in the adenoma. ? The blue arrows point to compressed normal thyroid. ? The yellow arros points to normal thyroid with much larger follicles than most of those within the adenoma. ? The red arrow is located within the adenoma. ? Although composed of follicular cells, little colloid is seen. ? The blue arrow points to the capsule of the adenoma, a few strands of connective tissue. ? The yellow arrow points to colloid within a large normal follicle Simple adenoma Colloid adenoma 第二节 甲 状 腺 疾 病 第一节 垂 体 疾 病 第四节 胰 岛 疾 病 第十三章 内分泌系统疾病 第三节 肾 上 腺 疾 病 概 述 概 述 内分泌系统与神经系统共同实现对机体各器官的调节，维持内环境的相对稳定。 　　内分泌系统包括各内分泌腺体、内分泌组织及弥散分布的神经内分泌细胞。激素的合成与分泌受到神经系统和下丘脑-垂体-靶器官之间的调节机制的双重调控。 机体重要的内分泌腺有脑垂体、甲状腺、甲状旁腺、胰岛、肾上腺和性腺等。 第一节　垂体疾病 一、下丘脑的内分泌 (一)下丘脑与垂体间 的功能联系： 下丘脑 N垂体 下丘脑垂体束 下丘脑 腺垂体 垂体门脉 第二节 　 甲状腺疾病 3、正常解剖组织学复习 甲状软骨 甲状腺 The thyroid gland has a right