Asymmetrical Reinforcement and Wolbachia Infection in Drosophila.docVIP

o PL SBIOLOGY AsymmetricalReinforcementandWolbachia InfectioninDrosophila John Jaenike1*,Kelly A.Dyer1,2,Chad Cornish1¤,Miranda S.Minhas1 1DepartmentofBiology,UniversityofRochester,Rochester,NewYork,UnitedStatesofAmerica,2InstituteofEvolutionaryBiology,UniversityofEdinburgh,Edinburgh, UnitedKingdom Reinforcementreferstotheevolutionofincreasedmatingdiscriminationagainstheterospecificindividualsinzonesof geographic overlap and can be considered a final stage in the speciation process. One the factors that may affect reinforcementisthedegreetowhichhybridmatingsresultinthepermanentlossofgenesfromaspecies’genepool. MatingsbetweenfemalesofDrosophilasubquinariaandmalesofD.recensresultinhighlevelsofoffspringmortality, duetointerspecificcytoplasmicincompatibilitycausedbyWolbachiainfectionofD.recens.Suchhybridinviabilityis notmanifestedinmatingsbetweenD.recensfemalesandD.subquinariamales.Hereweaskwhethertheasymmetrical hybridinviabilityisassociatedwithacorrespondingasymmetryinthelevelofreinforcement.Thegeographicranges ofD.recensandD.subquinariawerefoundtooverlapacrossabroadbeltofborealforestincentralCanada.Femalesof D. subquinaria from the zone of sympatry exhibit much stronger levels of discrimination against males of D. recens thandofemalesfromallopatricpopulations.Incontrast,suchreproductivecharacterdisplacementisnotevidentinD. recens, consistent with the expected effects of unidirectional cytoplasmic incompatibility. Furthermore, there is substantial behavioral isolation within D. subquinaria, because females from populations sympatric with D. recens discriminateagainstallopatricconspecificmales,whereasfemalesfrompopulationsallopatricwithD.recensshowno discrimination againstanyconspecificmales.Patternsofgeneralgeneticdifferentiation amongpopulationsarenot consistent with patterns of behavioral discrimination, which suggests that the behavioral isolation within D. subquinaria results from selection against mating with Wolbachia-infected D. recens. Interspecific c