Barcoding Poplars (Populus L.) from Western China.docVIP

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Barcoding Poplars (Populus L.) from Western China.doc

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Barcoding Poplars (Populus L.) from Western China

BarcodingPoplars(PopulusL.)fromWesternChina JianjuFeng1,2.,DechunJiang1.,HuiyingShang1,MiaoDong1,GainiWang1,XinyuHe1, ChangmingZhao1,KangshanMao1* 1SchoolofEarthandEnvironmentalSciencesStateKeyLaboratoryofGrasslandAgro-Ecosystem,SchoolofLifeSciences,LanzhouUniversity,Lanzhou,Gansu,People’s RepublicofChina,2CollegeofPlantSciences,XinjiangProductionConstructionCorpsKeyLaboratoryofProtectionandUtilizationofBiologicalResourcesinTarim Basin,TarimuUniversity,Alar,Xinjiang,People’sRepublicofChina Abstract Background:Populusisanecologicallyandeconomicallyimportantgenusoftrees,butdistinguishingbetweenwildspecies is relatively difficult due to extensive interspecific hybridization and introgression, and the high level of intraspecific morphologicalvariation.TheDNAbarcodingapproachisapotentialsolutiontothisproblem. Methodology/PrincipalFindings:Here,wetestedthediscriminationpoweroffivechloroplastbarcodesandonenuclear barcode(ITS)among95treesthatrepresent21PopulusspeciesfromwesternChina.Amongallsinglebarcodecandidates, thediscriminationpowerishighestforthenuclearITS,progressivelylowerforchloroplastbarcodesmatK(M),trnG-psb K(G) andpsbK-psbI(P),andtrnH-psbA(H)andrbcL(R);thediscriminationefficiencyofthenuclearITS(I)isalsohigherthanany two-, three-, or even the five-locus combination of chloroplast barcodes. Among the five combinations of a single chloroplastbarcodeplusthenuclearITS,H+IandP+Idifferentiatedthehighestandlowestportionofspecies,respectively. The highest discrimination rate for the barcodes or barcode combinations examined here is 55.0% (H+I), and usually discriminationfailuresoccurredamongspeciesfromsympatricorparapatricareas. Conclusions/Significance:Inthiscasestudy,weshowedthatwhendiscriminatingPopulusspeciesfromwesternChina,the nuclearITSregionrepresentsamorepromisingbarcodethananymaternallyinheritedchloroplastregionorcombinationof chloroplastregions.Meanwhile,combiningtheITSregionwithchloroplastregionsmayimprovethebarcodingsuccessrate andassistindetectingrecentin