Beliefs about Lying and Spreading of Dishonesty Undetected Lies and Their Constructive and Destructive Social Dynamics in Dice Experiments.docVIP

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Beliefs about Lying and Spreading of Dishonesty Undetected Lies and Their Constructive and Destructive Social Dynamics in Dice Experiments.doc

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Beliefs about Lying and Spreading of Dishonesty Undetected Lies and Their Constructive and Destructive Social Dynamics in Dice Experiments

BeliefsaboutLyingandSpreadingofDishonesty: UndetectedLiesandTheirConstructiveandDestructive SocialDynamicsinDiceExperiments HeikoRauhut1,2 * 1Institute of Sociology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland, 2Department of Humanities, Social and Political Sciences, ETH Zurich, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology,Zurich,Switzerland Abstract Fieldexperimentshaveshownthatobservingotherpeoplelittering,stealingorlyingcantriggerownmisconduct,leading toadecayofsocialorder.However,alargeextentofnormviolationsgoesundetected.Hence,thedirectionofthedynamics crucially depends on actors’ beliefs regarding undetected transgressions. Because undetected transgressions are hardly measureable in the field, a laboratory experiment was developed, where the complete prevalence of norm violations, subjectivebeliefsaboutthem,andtheirbehavioraldynamicsismeasurable.Intheexperiment,subjectscouldlieabouttheir monetarypayoffs,estimatetheextentofliarsintheirgroupandmakesubsequentliescontingentoninformationabout otherpeople’slies.Resultsshowthatinformedpeoplewhounderestimateothers’lyingincreaseownlyingmorethantwice andthosewhooverestimate,decreaseitbymorethanhalfcomparedtopeoplewithoutinformationaboutothers’lies.This substantial interaction puts previous results into perspective, showing that information about others’ transgressions can triggerdynamicsinbothdirections:thespreadingofnormativedecayandrestoringofnormadherence. Citation:RauhutH(2013)BeliefsaboutLyingandSpreadingofDishonesty:UndetectedLiesandTheirConstructiveandDestructiveSocialDynamicsinDice Experiments.PLoSONE8(11):e77878.doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0077878 Editor:MatjazPerc,UniversityofMaribor,Slovenia ReceivedJuly19,2013;AcceptedSeptember9,2013;PublishedNovember13,2013 Copyright: ? 2013 Heiko Rauhut. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricteduse,distribution,andreproductioninanymedium,providedtheoriginalauthorandsourcearecredited. Funding:Th