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Beware of Primate Life History Data A Plea for Data Standards and a Repository.doc

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Beware of Primate Life History Data A Plea for Data Standards and a Repository

BewareofPrimateLifeHistoryData:APleaforData StandardsandaRepository CarolaBorries1*,AdamD.Gordon2,AndreasKoenig1 1DepartmentofAnthropology,StonyBrookUniversity,SUNY,StonyBrook,NewYork,UnitedStatesofAmerica,2DepartmentofAnthropology,UniversityatAlbany, SUNY,Albany,NewYork,UnitedStatesofAmerica Abstract Life history variables such as the age at first reproduction and the interval between consecutive births are measures of investment in growth and reproduction in a particular population or species. As such they allow for meaningful comparisons of the speed of growth and reproduction between species andbetween larger taxa. Especially in primates suchlifehistoryresearchhasfarreachingimplicationsandhasledforinstancetothe‘‘grandmotherhypothesis’’.Otherlinks havebeenproposedwithrespecttodietaryadaptations:Becauseproteinisessentialforgrowthandoneoftheprimary sourcesofprotein,leaves,occurs muchlessseasonally thanfruits, ithasbeenpredictedthatfolivorousprimatesshould growfastercomparedtofrugivorousones.However,whencomparingfolivorousAsiancolobineswithfrugivorousAsian macaques we recently documented a longer, instead of a shorter gestation length in folivores while age at first reproductionandinterbirthintervaldidnotdiffer.ThissupportsearlierfindingsforMalagasylemursinwhichalllifehistory variables tested were significantly longer in folivores compared to frugivores. Wondering why these trends were not apparentsooner,wetriedtoreconstructourresultsforAsianprimateswithdatafromfourpopularlifehistorycompilations. However, this attempt failed; even the basic, allometric relationship with adult female body mass that is typical for life historyvariablescouldnotberecovered.Thisnegativeresulthintsatsevereproblemswithdataquality.Hereweshowthat dataqualitycanbeimprovedsignificantlybystandardizingthevariablesandbycontrollingforfactorssuchasnutritional conditionsorinfantmortality.Ideally,inthefuture,revisedprimatelifehistorydatashouldbecollatedinacentraldatabase accessibletoeverybody.In