【2017年整理】大学英语四级讲义.docVIP

第三讲 英语写作中常见病句现象 1. 文稿格式问题 题目的大小写和标点符号，文中标点符号，行文格式，人名/地名等专有名词。 拼写是考生应该具备的最起码的基本功，但在考生的作文中却经常能发现很多拼写错误。有拼写错误的作文肯定会被酌情扣分，而且有大量拼写错误存在的作文不仅体现出语言基本功差，同时也直接影响内容的表达，通常会降低作文的档次。 不一致问题主要包括数（单复数）的不一致、时态不一致、代词不一致、主谓不一致、时态/人称/数的搭配错误等。 例1. 误：When one have knowledge, he can do what he want to do. 正： one has knowledge, he can do what he wants (to do). 剖析：one是单数第三人称，因而本句的have应改为has ；同理，want应改为wants.本句是典型的主谓不一致。 例2. 误：My father and my mother is all teacher.正：My father and my mother are both teachers. 例3. 误：When I get to the station the train leave.正：When I got to the station the train had left. 汉语动词无时态、人称和数的变化，而对英语来说，这些都至关重要。 英语中代词的形式很多，包括主格、宾格、物主代词、反身代词等。而汉语中没有主格和宾格、形容词性物主代词和名次性物主代词之分；此外汉语中很多时候不用物主代词，而英语中物主代词是不可省略的，代词的误用是考生最容易发生的错误。 例4. 误：I mother and I went to the shop to buy a present for I father. 正：My mother and I went to the shop to buy a present for my father. 串句，指英语写作中错把两个独立分句硬性地揉在一起而不加任何的标点符号或连词。 例5. 误：She decided to stop smoking she didn’t want to die of lung cancer. 正：She decided to stop smoking. She didn’t want to die of lung cancer. She decided to stop smoking because (as) she didn’t want to die of lung cancer. Because (as) she didn’t want to die of lung cancer, she decided to stop smoking. She didn’t want to die of lung cancer, so she decided to stop smoking as. She decided to stop smoking; she didn’t want to die of lung cancer. 例6．误：Getting married is easy, staying married is a different matter. 正：Getting married is easy, but staying married is a different matter. Getting married is easy. However, staying married is a different matter. Though (Although) getting married is easy, staying married is a different matter. While getting married is easy, staying married is a different matter. 例7. 误：There are many ways we get to know the outside world.? 剖析：这个句子包含了两层完整的意思：“There are many ways.” 以及“We get to know the outside world.”。简单地把它们连在一起就不妥当了。改为：There are many ways for us to learn about the outside world. 或：There are many ways through which we can become