GMAT阅读练习及讲解-智课教育.pdfVIP

智 课 网 G M A T 备 考 资 料 GMAT阅读练习及讲解-智课教育 本文为各位GMAT考生提供了一篇GMAT阅读模拟题，以供大家进 行练习。文章后面有问题和答案，希望对考生们的备考有所帮助： In Winters v. United States (1908), the Supreme Court held that the right to use waters flowing through or adjacent tothe Fort Belknap Indian Reservation was reserved to American Indians by the treaty establishing the reservation. Although this treaty did not mention water rights, the Court ruled that the federal government, when it created thereservation, intended to deal fairly with American Indians by reserving forthem the waters without which their lands would have been useless. 【Later decisions, citing Winters, established thatcourts can find federal rights to reserve water for particular purposes if (1)the land in question lies within an enclave under exclusive federaljurisdiction, (2) the land has been formally withdrawn from federal public lands—i.e.,withdrawn from the stock of federal lands available for private use underfederal land use laws—and set aside or reserved, and (3) the circumstancesreveal the government intended to reserve water as well as land whenestablishing the reservation. Some American Indian tribes have also established water rights through the courts based on their traditional diversion and use of certain waters prior to the United States’ acquisition of sovereignty. For example, the Rio Grande pueblos already existed when theUnited States acquired sovereignty over New Mexico in 1848. Although they atthat time became part of the United States, the pueblo lands never formally constituted a part of federal public lands; in any event, no treaty, statute,or executive order has ever designated or withdrawn the pueblos from public landsas American Indian reservations. This fact, however, has not barred applicationof the Winters doctrine. What constitutes an American Indian reservation is aquestion of practice, not of legal definition, and the p