Lect2-Piestley-OO-Unified_Process-UML.pptVIP

内容提要： 1. Review of Earlier Software Development Models 早期软件开发模型回顾 (Priestley 3.1-3.2) 2. The Unified Process 统一过程模型 (Priestley 3.3) 3. The Unified Modeling Language Language (Priestley 1.3) 4. The Use of UML in the Unified Process (Priestley 3.5) 1. Review of Earlier Software Development  Models 早期软件开发模型回顾-Priestley3.1-3.2 This section will have a review of the following Models: The Waterfall Model Evolutionary model Spiral model An Iterative and Incremental Process Model THE WATERFALL MODEL Fig 3.1. a waterfall model About waterfall model: The different stages are to be carried out consecutively (连贯的开发阶段） At each stage, the work done will be documented, which will form the basis for the work that is done at the next stage （每个阶段都有文档） After deployment, the system will be maintained as long as it remains in service （系统部署后，进入维护阶段） 瀑布模型的贡献： 直观性、通用性：It is an intuitive, sensible and general-purpose engineering approach to software engineering. 计划性：It emphasizes planning for an activity before carrying it out, better than just start coding without considering overall architecture of the program. 自顶向下性: It recommends a top-down approach, from high level of abstraction to more details 软件开发的可管理性。It provides a strong management tool for controlling software projects 问题： If errors are found when working on one stage, it is reasonable to correct the problems before proceeding. However, Some earlier versions of the waterfall model restricted feedback to the previous stage in the process only. Evolutionary model suggests that software should be developed in a more ‘evolutionary’ manner. 软件开发应该遵循进化方式 How evolutionary model works? 使用原型。Development starts with the production of a prototype system implementing only the core functionality of the complete system. 征求用户意见。The prototype will be used to discuss with the users 改进。Feedback from the users would then guide subsequent development, … The prototype would evolve into a more complete system, with sma