Antenna and Base-Station Diversity for WSN Livestock Monitoring英文文献资料.docVIP

Wireless Sensor Network, 2009, 1, 383-396 doi:10.4236/wsn.2009.15047 Published Online December 2009 (/journal/wsn). 383 Antenna and Base-Station Diversity for WSN Livestock Monitoring Konstantinos SASLOGLOU, Ian A. GLOVER, Hock Guan GOH, Kae Hsiang KWONG Michael P. GILROY, Christos TACHTATZIS, Craig MICHIE, Ivan ANDONOVIC Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, United Kingdom Email: {ksasloglou, ian.glover, i.andonovic}@eee.strath.ac.uk Received June 6, 2009; revised August 3, 2009; accepted August 6, 2009 Abstract Antenna and base-station diversity have been applied to a wireless sensor network for the monitoring of live- stock. A field trial has been described and the advantage to be gained in a practical environment has been assessed. Keywords: Antenna Diversity, Base Station Diversity, Animal Monitoring, Wireless Sensor Networks, Distribution, Rayleigh Distribution, Fading 1. Introduction The incorporation of antenna diversity at the sensor node combined with the use of two, widely separated, base- stations (yielding base-station diversity) dramatically increases the probability of LOS conditions. The principal objective of the work reported here is the experimental assessment of the practical diversity improvement that can be expected in this little considered, but commercially important, application. A wireless sensor network (WSN) is a collection of spatially dispersed sensors that communicate via a set of wireless transceivers [1]. Each transceiver forms one node in the resulting transceiver network. Information collected by the sensors may be transmitted to a central base-station, either directly or by relaying it via one or more intermediate nodes. The network topology and protocols may be fixed and predetermined, or adaptive and self-organizing. Recent advances in micro-electro- mechanical systems, tr