Association between head-and-neck cancers and active and passive cigarette smoking英文文献资料.docVIP

Vol.4, No.9, 619-624 (2012) Health /10.4236/health.2012.49097 Association between head-and-neck cancers and active and passive cigarette smoking Yukiomi Kushihashi , Yoshiyuki Kadokura , Syuhei Takiguchi , Yoshiyuki Kyo , 1* 1 1 1 1 2 3 Yoshihiro Yamada 1 , Miki Shino , Masato Kano , Harumi Suzaki 1 * 2 3 Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Showa University Northern Yokohama Hospital, Yokohama, Japan; Corresponding Author: ykushihashi32@ Department of Internal Medicine, Shinnakagawa Hospital, Yokohama, Japan Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Showa University, Tokyo, Japan Received 5 August 2012; revised 3 September 2012; accepted 13 September 2012 ABSTRACT head-and-neck cancers is strongly influenced by direct tobacco smoke stimulation. Although there have been many reports on the toxicity of tobacco smoke, fewer studies have reported the relationship between the smoke and carcinogenesis of head-and-neck cancers. It is assumed that direct stimulations due to to- bacco smoke, such as chemical and mechanical stimulations, strongly influence the epithelium of the nasal cavity, paranasal sinuses, pharynx, and larynx. We investigated the influence of ac- tive and passive cigarette smoking on head-and- neck cancers. The subjects were 283 head-and- neck cancer patients examined at the otolaryn- gology department of Showa University North- ern Yokohama Hospital in a 9-year and 2-month period from April 2001 to June 2010, in whom the presence or absence of active and passive cigarette smoking could be confirmed in detail. The active and passive smoking rates and the Brinkman index were retrospectively investi- gated according to the primary cancer site, gender, and histopathological c