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Autism in Developing Countries Lessons from Iran英文文献资料.doc

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Autism in Developing Countries Lessons from Iran英文文献资料

HindawiPublishingCorporation AutismResearchandTreatment Volume2011,ArticleID145359,11pages doi:10.1155/2011/145359 ReviewArticle AutisminDevelopingCountries:LessonsfromIran SayyedAliSamadiandRoyMcConkey InstituteofNursingResearch,UniversityofUlster,NewtownabbeyBT370QB,UK CorrespondenceshouldbeaddressedtoRoyMcConkey,r.mcconkey@ulster.ac.uk Received18June2011;Revised19October2011;Accepted2November2011 AcademicEditor:JohannesRojahn Copyright?2011S.A.SamadiandR.McConkey. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons AttributionLicense,whichpermitsunrestricteduse,distribution,andreproductioninanymedium,providedtheoriginalworkis properlycited. MostresearchintoAutismSpectrumDisordershasbeenconductedina?uentEnglish-speakingcountrieswhichhaveextensive professional support services. This paper describes a series of investigations that was undertaken in Iran, and these ?ndings, togetherwithreviewsofresearchinotherlow-incomecountries,areusedtoidentifykeylessonsinthreeareasofserviceprovision ofparticularrelevancetodevelopingcountrieswithscarceprofessionalresources:?rst,theissuestobeconsideredinestablishing theprevalenceoftheconditionnationally;second,identi?cationofparentalunderstandingofASDandtheimpactithasonthem ascarers;third,theeducationandtrainingthatcouldbeprovidedtofamilieswhenprofessionalsupportsaresparse.Itisconcluded thatculturallysensitive,parentalsupportstrategiesmustbecentraltotheplanninganddevelopmentofservices.Moreover,future researchshouldfurtherelucidatetheneedsoffamiliesandevaluatetheimpactofculturallytailoredinterventionsdesignedto promotethechildren’sdevelopmentandoverallfamilyqualityoflife. 1.Introduction bysomewriters,thatautismisrareinnon-Westerncultures [6,7]. Aswithmostotherintellectualanddevelopmentaldisabili- ties,AutismSpectrumDisorders(ASD)occursineveryna- tionoftheworld,withfamiliesoftenprovidinglife-longcare totheira?ectedrelative.Unfortunately,inlessaf?uentcoun- tries,thereisadearthofstudiestoinformthedevelopment of su