Autoimmunity in Rheumatic Diseases Is Induced by Microbial Infections via Crossreactivity or Molecular Mimicry英文文献资料.docVIP

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Autoimmunity in Rheumatic Diseases Is Induced by Microbial Infections via Crossreactivity or Molecular Mimicry英文文献资料.doc

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Autoimmunity in Rheumatic Diseases Is Induced by Microbial Infections via Crossreactivity or Molecular Mimicry英文文献资料

HindawiPublishingCorporation AutoimmuneDiseases Volume2012,ArticleID539282,9pages doi:10.1155/2012/539282 ReviewArticle AutoimmunityinRheumaticDiseasesIsInducedbyMicrobial InfectionsviaCrossreactivityorMolecularMimicry TahaRashidandAlanEbringer AnalyticalSciencesGroup,KingsCollegeLondon,150StamfordStreet,LondonSE19NN,UK CorrespondenceshouldbeaddressedtoAlanEbringer,alan.ebringer@kcl.ac.uk Received2September2011;Accepted1November2011 AcademicEditor:Juan-ManuelAnaya Copyright?2012T.RashidandA.Ebringer.ThisisanopenaccessarticledistributedundertheCreativeCommonsAttribution License,whichpermitsunrestricteduse,distribution,andreproductioninanymedium,providedtheoriginalworkisproperly cited. Ageneralconsensussupportsfundamentalrolesforbothgeneticandenvironmental,mainlymicrobial,factorsinthedevelopment of autoimmune diseases. One form of autoimmune rheumatic diseases is con?ned to a group of nonpyogenic conditions whichareusuallyprecededbyorassociatedwitheitherexplicitoroccultinfections.Aprevioushistoryofclinicalpharyngitis, gastroenteritis/urethritis,ortick-borneskinmanifestationcanbeobtainedfrompatientswithrheumaticfever,reactivearthritis, orLymedisease,respectively,whilst,otherrheumaticdiseaseslikerheumatoidarthritis(RA),ankylosingspondylitis(AS),and Crohn’sdisease(CD)areusuallylackingsuchanassociationwithanoticeablemicrobialinfection.Agreatamountofdatasupports the notion that RA is most likely caused by Proteus asymptomatic urinary tract infections, whilst AS and CD are caused by subclinicalbowelinfectionswithKlebsiellamicrobes.Molecularmimicryisthemainpathogeneticmechanismthatcanexplain theseformsofmicrobe-diseaseassociations,wherethecausativemicrobescaninitiatethediseasewithconsequentproductionsof antibacterialandcrossreactiveautoantibodieswhichhaveagreatimpactinthepropagationandthedevelopmentofthesediseases. 1.Introduction 2.InterplayofGeneticandEnvironmental FactorsintheDevelopmentofRA,AS,andCD The exact triggering factor in most autoimmune diseases isunknown,yetanin