Automated Observations of the Earthshine英文文献资料.docVIP

HindawiPublishingCorporation AdvancesinAstronomy Volume2010,ArticleID963650,5pages doi:10.1155/2010/963650 ResearchArticle AutomatedObservationsoftheEarthshine P.R.Goode, S.Shoumko, E.Pall′e, andP.Monta?n′es-Rodr′?guez 1 1 2 2 1 2 BigBearSolarObservatory,NewJerseyInstituteofTechnology,Newark,NJ07102,USA InstitutodeAstro?sicadeCanarias,ViaLacteas/n,LaLaguna,E38200Tenerife,Spain CorrespondenceshouldbeaddressedtoE.Pall′e,epalle@iac.es Received16June2009;Accepted9November2009 AcademicEditor:TaroKotani Copyright?2010P.R.Goodeetal.ThisisanopenaccessarticledistributedundertheCreativeCommonsAttributionLicense, whichpermitsunrestricteduse,distribution,andreproductioninanymedium,providedtheoriginalworkisproperlycited. Theoverallre?ectanceofsunlightfromEarthisafundamentalparameterforclimatestudies.Wehavedesignedandimplemented small aperture, remote control telescopes in Big Bear Solar Observatory in California and in Tenerife in the Canary Islands. Thesetelescopesobservetheearthshinetoobtainaglobalmeanterrestrialre?ectanceutilizingacoronagraph-likedesignfor longexposuresofthedarkoftheMoonandhaveinternalmovingpartsintheopticaltrain,whichpresentedsomedesignand controlproblems. 1.Introduction thescatteringfromtheMoonasafunctionofthephaseof theMoon[1].Atabout1%precisiononindividualnights, ourterrestrialestimatesoftheEarth’salbedohaveaprecision comparabletothatfromsatelliteslikeERBEwitharoundthe samevalue[5],andtothoseoftheCERESinstrumentation, ofaround1%[6]makingourmethodsu?cientlypreciseto usefullycomplementsatellitemeasurements. Theearthshineobservationsrevealalargedecadalvari- ability in the Earth’s re?ectance [7], which is yet not fully understood, but which is in line with other satellite and ground-basedglobalradiationdata(see[8,9]andreferences therein). In order to continue to contribute to a better understanding of the Earth’s radiation budget continuous observationsfromaglobalnetworkofrobotictelescopesare necessary. The