Bacterial Plasminogen Receptors Utilize Host Plasminogen System for Effective Invasion and Dissemination英文文献资料.docVIP

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Bacterial Plasminogen Receptors Utilize Host Plasminogen System for Effective Invasion and Dissemination英文文献资料.doc

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Bacterial Plasminogen Receptors Utilize Host Plasminogen System for Effective Invasion and Dissemination英文文献资料

HindawiPublishingCorporation JournalofBiomedicineandBiotechnology Volume2012,ArticleID482096,19pages doi:10.1155/2012/482096 ReviewArticle BacterialPlasminogenReceptorsUtilizeHostPlasminogen SystemforEffectiveInvasionandDissemination SarbaniBhattacharya, 1VictoriaA.Ploplis,1,2andFrancisJ.Castellino 1,2 1 2 W.M.KeckCenterforTransgeneResearch,UniversityofNotreDame,NotreDame,IN46556,USA DepartmentofChemistryandBiochemistry,UniversityofNotreDame,NotreDame,IN46556,USA CorrespondenceshouldbeaddressedtoFrancisJ.Castellino,fcastell@ Received5April2012;Revised24July2012;Accepted13August2012 AcademicEditor:DavidM.Waisman Copyright?2012SarbaniBhattacharyaetal.ThisisanopenaccessarticledistributedundertheCreativeCommonsAttribution License,whichpermitsunrestricteduse,distribution,andreproductioninanymedium,providedtheoriginalworkisproperly cited. Inorderforinvasivepathogenstomigratebeyondthesiteofinfection,hostphysiologicalbarrierssuchastheextracellularmatrix, thebasementmembrane,andencapsulating?brinnetworkmustbedegraded.Tocircumventtheseimpediments,proteolytic enzymesfacilitatethedisseminationofthemicroorganism.Recruitmentofhostproteasestothebacterialsurfacerepresentsa particularlye?ectivemechanismforenhancinginvasiveness.Plasminisabroadspectrumserineproteasethatdegrades?brin, extracellular matrices, and connective tissue. A large number of pathogens express plasminogen receptors which immobilize plasmin(ogen) on the bacterial surface. Surface-bound plasminogen is then activated by plasminogen activators to plasmin throughlimitedproteolysisthustriggeringthedevelopmentofaproteolyticsurfaceonthebacteriaandeventuallyassistingthe spreadofbacteria.Thehosthemostaticsystemplaysanimportantroleinsystemicinfection.Theinterplaybetweenhemostatic processessuchascoagulationand?brinolysisandthein?ammatoryresponseconstitutesessentialcomponentsofhostdefenseand bacterialinvasion.Thegoalofthispaperistohighlightmechanismswherebypathogenicbacteria,byengagingsurfacereceptors, utilizeandexploittheh