Assessing Stream Health in the Chesapeake Basin Using the SHARP Model英文文献资料.docVIP

Open Journal of Modern Hydrology, 2012, 2, 71-78 71 /10.4236/ojmh.2012.24009 Published Online October 2012 (http://www.SciRP.org/journal/ojmh) Assessing Stream Health in the Chesapeake Basin Using the SHARP Model Toby N. Carlson , Amy T. Haase , Cynthia N. Cudaback , Michael C. Anderson 1 2 3 4 1 Department of Meteorology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, USA; Ocean and You, Oakland, USA; 2 NOAA/NWS/MDL, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA; 3 4 Spatial Information Technologies, Inc., State College, USA. Email: tnc@, amy.haase@, cynthia.cudaback@, m_anderson14@ Received July 14 , 2012; revised August 30 , 2012; accepted September 12 , 2012 th th th ABSTRACT An assessment of stream health within the Chesapeake Bay Basin can be made using the Stream Health and Runoff Potential (SHARP) model, which is based solely on the relationship between land cover and stream constituents: Total phosphorus (TP), total nitrogen (TN), and total suspended sediment (TSS). While not intended to compete with more complex models that utilize a range of specific input data, SHARP’s advantage is that it requires little input, is easily applied, and can show whether a stream or watershed is likely to be impacted (impaired). The model allows the user to define a watershed boundary on screen within which a stream health index (SHI), concentrations of TP, TN and TSS, percentages of five land cover types, a color-coded land cover snapshot, impervious surface area and fractional vegeta- tion cover are output. The paper describes SHARP, its output and an overview of how it can be used. Keywords: Stream Health; Water Quality; Chesapeake Bay Basin; Nutrient; Sediment Loads 1. Introduction executable on one’s desk computer; the runoff compo- nent will not be discussed in this paper. Inst