Converting from Classical to Robotic Astronomy The Lowell Observatory 0.8-m Telescope英文文献资料.docVIP

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Converting from Classical to Robotic Astronomy The Lowell Observatory 0.8-m Telescope英文文献资料.doc

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Converting from Classical to Robotic Astronomy The Lowell Observatory 0.8-m Telescope英文文献资料

HindawiPublishingCorporation AdvancesinAstronomy Volume2010,ArticleID130172,12pages doi:10.1155/2010/130172 ResearchArticle ConvertingfromClassicaltoRoboticAstronomy: TheLowellObservatory0.8-mTelescope MarcW.Buie SouthwestResearchInstitute,1050WalnutStreet,Suite300,Boulder,CO80302,USA CorrespondenceshouldbeaddressedtoMarcW.Buie,buie@ Received3June2009;Accepted2December2009 AcademicEditor:AlbertoJ.Castro-Tirado Copyright?2010MarcW.Buie. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, whichpermitsunrestricteduse,distribution,andreproductioninanymedium,providedtheoriginalworkisproperlycited. TheLowellObservatory0.8-m(31-in)Telescopewasaugmentedbytheadditionofaroboticmodeofoperationinearly2001. Thissystemexecutesanypredeterminedsequenceofobservinginstructionswithoutsupervision.Describedhereinisageneral descriptionofthesystem,lessonslearnedfromtheconversion,andafewgeneralalgorithmsforfocusing,collectingtwilight?at ?eldimages,andschedulingstandardstarobservations. 1.Introduction In this paper the design objectives and constraints involved in moving this telescope from classical hands-on observing to robotic hands-o? observing are summarized. The observing queue system and two camera systems will be discussed along with changes needed in telescope control.Ialsopresentsomeofthenon-obviousalgorithmic components of the system as lessons learned that may be useful to other projects. Also discussed are safety issues commontosystemsofthistype. AttheendIwill present abriefsynopsisofthetypesofobservationscarriedoutby thissystemsinceitsimplementation. The power and value of autonomous observing has long beenrecognizedintheamateurastronomycommunitywhile adoption has been slow at professional observatories. In January 2001 I converted the Lowell Observatory 0.8-m telescope from a classically-operated manual telescope to a robotic facility. At that time the telescope was poorly utilized and deemed unimportant enough to permit my expe