植物学及园艺学英文版 botany and horticulture 94.pptVIP

* Unit 1 Section 4: Cells and Photosynthesis 4.1 Introduction to Photosynthesis Photosynthesis is a series of enzyme-controlled reactions which allow green plants to make their own food. Revision – Structure of a leaf 4.1 Green Plants as Producers Producers are green plants which can make food by photosynthesis. Carbohydrates are molecules containing carbon, hydrogen and oxygen made by photosynthesis. Photosynthesis is a process in which green plants make food from raw materials using energy from sunlight. 4.1 Need for Light By covering part of a leaf with cardboard for 24 hours and then testing the leaf for starch, it can be shown that sunlight is the source of energy used by the plant to produce starch by photosynthesis. Since, only the parts of the leaf exposed to sunlight turned black when tested with iodine solution. 4.1 Testing a leaf for starch The leaf sample is transferred to alcohol and heated by the warm water for a few minutes. This removes the chlorophyll. The leaf sample is rinsed in the water to remove the alcohol and soften it. Iodine The leaf is placed in a dimple tile and a few drops of iodine added. If starch is present it will turn blue/black. Leaf samples are boiled in water for 2 minutes, to break open the cell walls. 4.2 The Role of Chlorophyll Chlorophyll is only present in the green parts of a variegated leaves (shown above). Chlorophyll is a green pigment found in the chloroplasts of plant cells. Light energy from the sun is trapped by chlorophyll. 4.2 Chloroplasts chloroplast Chloroplasts are found in the cytoplasm of green plant cells. 4.2 Capture of Light Energy by Chlorophyll Light energy from the Sun Chemical energy in carbohydrates chlorophyll 4.3 Need for Carbon Dioxide potassium hydroxide sodium bicarbonate Plant A Plant B 4.3 Summary Equation for photosynthesis oxygen water chlorophyll glucose carbon dioxide light Products Raw materials Conditions needed 4.4 Photolysis Stage Photolysis is the process by which energy from