植物学及园艺学英文版 botany and horticulture 70.pptVIP

Roots Chapter 5 Outline Root Function Root Development Root Structure Specialized Roots Mycorrhizae Root Nodules Function There are several functions for a root Anchorage Water and mineral absorption/conduction Storage Starch Water Extensive underground organ A single grass plant 15 x 106 roots = 400 miles of root / 2 ft3 soil How Roots Develop When a seed germinates, the embryo’s radicle grows out and develops into the first root. Development: Tap root -- Fibrous root May develop into thick taproot with branch roots. Dicotyledonous Plants May develop a fibrous root system. Monocotyledonous Plants Adventitious roots are roots that develop from non-root plant parts?Both monocots and dicots Adventitious Roots What are the advantages and disadvantages of a fibrous and a taproot root system? ROOTS Root Structure Root Cap Region of Cell Division Region of Cell Elongation Region of Cell Maturation Not all regions well-defined at their boundaries. Development in roots unlike other organs follows a linear vector Root Structure Root Cap - Thimble-shaped mass of parenchyma cells covering each root tip. Protects tissue from damage. Function in gravity perception. Cells secrete a slimy substance and slough off forming a slimy lubricant that helps roots move through soil Region of Cell Division Root apical meristem 12 to 36 h cell cycle Region of Elongation About 1 cm from root tip Cells become several times their original length. Vacuoles merge and form 90% of the mature cell Region of Maturation Sometimes called “region of differentiation” or “root-hair zone” Most cells differentiate into various distinctive cell types. Vascularization and development of root hairs Region of maturation?Root hairs Absorb water and minerals and adhere tightly to soil particles. Grass plant 2ft3 soil, 15 x 106 roots has 14 x 109 root hairs Root surface area ~ volleyball court Root hair surface area ~ football field Root hairs function for 2 days to 3 weeks Region of Maturation?Cortex c