植物学及园艺学英文版 botany and horticulture 8.pptVIP

Riparian Soils - Properties, Structure, Fertility, Amendments University at Buffalo Engineering for Ecosystem Restoration Summer Workshop Series 2011 Workshop 2 Stream Restoration, Hydraulic Structure and Bioengineering Design June 13-17, 2011 Paul Fuhrmann Riparian Restoration Design Landscape Ecology 368 Pleasantview Drive Lancaster, New York 14086 Email: pfuhrmann@ Tel: (716) 684-8060 Fax:(716) 684-0844 Stability and Function by Design Soil Instability, Erosion, Restoration and Soil Components The Living (organisms) The Dead (All that composes, decomposes) Minerals Atmosphere Soil Functions (in one slide) In the absence of adverse physical, chemical or biological conditions, soil provides and modifies Water (micropores) Nutrients Anchorage Drainage Aeration (macropores) Filtration Calvin Ernst – Ernst Conservation Seeds Soil Problems = Restoration Problems Compaction Low Organic Matter Fertility Levels Soil pH (Anion/Cation Exchange - nutrient uptake) Competition from invasive exotics Salinity Overproduction or Excessive Tilling Chemical contamination Anoxia in non-hydric soils Soil Elements that Respond to Amendments Organic Content (Humus, Compost) Hydrology Texture (Stability) Consistency Microbiology pH Fertility (N,P,K and Minor Nutrients) Agronomy is an Evolving Science Soil Food Web (Microbiology) Soil Dynamics Compost (Compost Tea) Mulch Geo Textiles Geotechnical Engineering Horticulture Traditional Knowledge Soil Analysis Micro morphology DNA, Micorrhizae Contaminants Soils and Restoration Design Soil and Land have capacity to grow their own protection from Erosion Invasive Organisms Herbivory Biodegradation Human Disturbance Soil Function and Process in Natural and Managed Landscapes Water Quality Chemical Buffering Nutrient Cycling Plant Production Micro Climate Modulation Habitat Energy Balance Water Land Climate Dynamics of Soil Mechanical - Tilth, Erodiblity, Freeze/Thaw, Compaction, Sliding, Sloughing, Flowing Chemical - Wareho