植物学及园艺学英文版 botany and horticulture 20.pptVIP

NOTE WELL: Plant cells use the food they make in the same way that animal cells do - by cellular respiration /laurab/generalbotany/images/Plant%20Cell.gif Energy Flow SUNLIGHT GLUCOSE ATP CELL WORK Carbon Dioxide + Water ADP + Inorganic Phosphate (Photosynthesis) (Cellular Respiration) + O2 -Active transport -Movement -Bio-synthesis heat heat heat (Splitting ATP) Energetics Energy defined as the capacity to do work Two forms of energy: Potential Energy = Stored Energy Kinetic Energy = Energy that is doing work ThermodynamicsThe study of energy transformations 2 Laws 1st law ? talks about converting energy 2nd law ? talks about what happens to the energy (Kinetic) during this conversion Robbing Peter to pay Paul 1st law thermodynamics total energy in universe is constant E to do work cant be generated from nothing it must be obtained from outside the system loses a corresponding amount of E to balance the books World is going downhill 2nd law thermodynamics Whenever anything actually happens, the entropy (disorder) of the system (or of the universe) increases (cannot decrease) Entropy is a measure of the amount of energy that becomes unavailable for useful work Disorder may be in the arrangement of matter or energy – Heat (thermal energy) is disordered energy How can life exist? Life is an organization of matter A systematic DECREASE in entropy Violates the 2nd law of thermodynamics!! Organizing processes require energy Steady input of energy from the sun Life is a series of energy transfers Life depends on the fact that energy can be converted from 1 form to another CHEMICAL CYCLE ─ Photosynthesis ? CO2 + H2O C6H12O6 + O2 ? Respiration ─── Light energy is converted into potential Energy of Glucose (Ps) or this potential Energy is transformed into Kinetic Energy (Respiration) and when some of the energy stored in the glucose molecule is made available for cellular work) Metabolism Living cell = chemical factory ? organ