A “One Health” Approach to Address Emerging Zoonoses The HALI Project in Tanzania 英文参考文献.docVIP

HealthinAction A‘‘OneHealth’’ApproachtoAddressEmerging Zoonoses:TheHALIProjectinTanzania JonnaA.K.Mazet1*,DeanaL.Clifford1,PeterB.Coppolillo2,AnilB.Deolalikar3,JonD.Erickson4, RudovickR.Kazwala5 1Wildlife Health Center, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, California, United States of America, 2Wildlife Conservation Society, Bozeman, Montana, United States of America, 3Department of Economics, University of California, Riverside, California, United States of America, 4Rubenstein School of Environment and Natural Resources, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, United States of America, 5Department of Veterinary Medicine and Public Health, SokoineUniversityofAgriculture,Morogoro,Tanzania NeedforIntegratedHealth Approaches are dwindling due to demands from agriculture and global climate change. As water becomes more scarce, animals andpeoplearesqueezed intosmaller and smaller workable areas. Contact among infectedanimalsandpeoplethenincreas- es, facilitating disease transmission. Wa- ter scarcity also means that people and animals use the same water sources for drinking and bathing, which results in serious contamination of drinking water andincreasedriskofzoonoticdiseases. In addition, poor sanitation and animal management can result in fecal contam- ination of both animal and human food. When this situation is complicated by highHIV/AIDS prevalence, theimpacts of otherwise minimally virulent or diffi- cult-to-transmit pathogens can be cata- strophic tofamilies andentire communi- ties, and ultimately to the environment through impacts on human capacity, natural resource management, and land use[8]. 2001 [9], and the African Population and Health Research Center predicts another doublingfrom2008levelsto1.9billionby 2050. Such rapid population growth and consequent demands for natural resources are making African wildlands increasingly vulnerabletoconversiontootherlanduses, suchaslogging,agriculture,andpasturage. Arecentanalysis