Adult-Young Ratio, a Major Factor Regulating Social Behaviour of Young A Horse Study 英文参考文献.docVIP

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Adult-Young Ratio, a Major Factor Regulating Social Behaviour of Young A Horse Study 英文参考文献.doc

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Adult-Young Ratio, a Major Factor Regulating Social Behaviour of Young A Horse Study 英文参考文献

Adult-YoungRatio,aMajorFactorRegulatingSocial BehaviourofYoung:AHorseStudy MarieBourjade1,2*,AlicedeBoyerdesRoches1,MartineHausberger1 1Universite′deRennes1,Laboratoired’EthologieAnimaleetHumaine,CentreNationaldelaRechercheScientifique,Rennes,France,2AssociationTakhpourlechevalde Przewalski,StationBiologiquedelaTourduValat,Arles,France Abstract Background:Adultsplayanimportantroleinregulatingthesocialbehaviourofyoungindividuals.However,afewpioneer studies suggest that, more than the mere presence of adults, their proportions in social groups affect the social developmentofyoung.Here,wehypothesizedthataggressionratesandsocialcohesionwerecorrelatedtoadult-young ratios.Ourbiologicalmodelwasnaturally-formedgroupsofPrzewalskihorses,Equusf.przewalskii,varyingincomposition. Methodology/PrincipalFindings:Weinvestigatedthesocialinteractionsandspatialrelationshipsof12one-andtwo-year- oldPrzewalskihorsesbelongingtofivefamilieswithadult-youngratios(AYR)rangingfrom0.67to1.33.Wefoundstriking variationsofaggressionratesandspatialrelationshipsrelatedtotheadult-youngratio:thelowerthisratio,themorethe youngwereaggressive,themoreyoungandadultssegregatedandthetightertheyoungbondedtootheryoung. Conclusion/Significance: This is the first study demonstrating a correlation between adult-young ratios and aggression ratesandsocialcohesionofyoungindividualsinanaturalisticsetting.Theincreaseofaggressionandtheemergenceof socialsegregationingroupswithlowerproportionsofadultscouldreflectarelateddecreaseoftheinfluenceofadultsas regulators of the behaviour of young. This social regulation has both theoretical and practical implications for understandingthemodalitiesoftheinfluenceofadultsduringontogenyandforrecommendingoptimalsettings,asfor instance,forschoolingoranimalgroupmanagement. Citation:BourjadeM,deBoyerdesRochesA,HausbergerM(2009)Adult-YoungRatio,aMajorFactorRegulatingSocialBehaviourofYoung:AHorseStudy.PLoS ONE4(3):e4888.doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0004888 Editor:MartinGiurfa,CentredeRecher