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Alchemy and the New Age of Cardiac Muscle Cell Biology 英文参考文献
Open access, freely available online
Primer
Alchemy and the New Age of Cardiac Muscle
Cell Biology
Kenneth R. Chien
“Alchemy: a process of transforming something common into something
special”—Webster’s Dictionary
A
growing number of studies are reporting the
isolation of cardiac stem cells from a variety of tissue
sources and examining their effects on promoting
the repair of the injured heart. In the current issue of PLoS
Biology, the storyline takes an unexpected, interesting twist,
as Neal Epstein and his colleagues report the isolation of a
novel cell type from skeletal muscle that can adopt a highly
differentiated cardiac muscle cell phenotype in vitro and in
vivo [1].
In this study, the authors use a differential isolation
procedure to remove the skeletal muscle cells and myoblasts
(immature muscle cells), and then collect the cells that
are negative for a cell-surface marker called Sca-1. Under
de?ned in vitro conditions, these cells adopt a cardiomyocyte
phenotype that goes beyond the simple expression of cardiac-
restricted biochemical and molecular markers, extending
to the types of single-cell physiological functions that are
hallmarks of authentic cardiomyocytes, including action
potentials, calcium transients, and contractile activity. They
call the cells Spoc cells, an acronym for “skeletal-based
precursor of cardiomyocytes.”
The study goes on to show that these cells can adopt this
phenotype without the addition of cytokines or agents such
as azacytidine that are known to activate the muscle gene
program in nonmuscle cells. The cells also adopt the cardiac
phenotype following their in vivo implantation into the
ischemic heart following myocardial infarction, suggesting
a potential therapeutic utility for these cells. Since Spoc
cells were isolated from murine skeletal muscle, they may
eventually allow the use of sophisticated conditional genetic
tracking techniques to monitor the migration, maturation,
and differentiation of the cells in the
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