Alzheimer Disease Failure to Tune Out Irrelevant Input 英文参考文献.docVIP

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Alzheimer Disease Failure to Tune Out Irrelevant Input 英文参考文献.doc

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Alzheimer Disease Failure to Tune Out Irrelevant Input 英文参考文献

Open access, freely available online Synopses of Research Articles Measuring the Immune Response to Tumor Vaccination DOI: 10.1371/journal.pmed.0020360 Tumor vaccination has perhaps been one of the most eagerly anticipated developments in cancer medicine. Research efforts in melanoma started with early unsuccessful attempts to induce a nonspeci?c immune response with Bacillé Calmette-Guerin (BCG). Subsequent vaccines combined BCG with autologous tumor cells or mixtures of allogeneic tumor cells, with varying responses. Most recently, however, work has focused on trying to produce a speci?c immune response using melanoma-derived peptide antigens. development is the method of measuring the amounts of cytokines released by means of labeled antibodies also present on the array. What they found was a startling diversity of responses to vaccination. However, one predictor of good clinical response to vaccination was strong secretion of both interferon-γ and tumor necrosis factor-α; four of the four patients with this pattern of secretion remained free of melanoma recurrence, whereas only two of the six patients in whom there were marked differences in the secretion of these two cytokines were free of recurrence. The antigens most commonly used are melanoma antigen recognized by T lymphocytes (MART-1)/Melan A, DOI: 10.1371/journal.pmed.0020360.g001 Catching antigen-speci?c T cells Where does this paper leave the glycoprotein (gp) 100, and tyrosinase, all of which occur on both normal melanocyes and melanoma cells; randomized trials are currently under way on these vaccines. However, the response of patients to these vaccines has been extremely variable and hard to predict. Ideally, researchers want to track antigen-speci?c T cells and measure their activation, but current assays are cumbersome and require large volumes of blood. Now, Mark Davis and colleagues from Stanford University and the University of Southern California present a high-throughput method for analy