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Anatomy of a Fever 英文参考文献
Synopses of Research Articles
Ciliate Genome Sequence Reveals Unique Features of a Model Eukaryote
Richard Robinson | DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.0040304
One reason to sequence the genomes
of non-human organisms is to better
understand our similarities and
differences. And, at ?rst sight, it is hard
to imagine a eukaryote more different
from humans than Tetrahymena
thermophila. A relative of Paramecium,
this single-celled creature has a strong
but ?exible exterior covered with
rows of cilia; but it is inside where
things seem to get really alien. Each
cell contains not one but two nuclei: a
micronucleus, which contains only ?ve
chromosomes, and a macronucleus,
which has more than 200.
from what were once free-living
cyanobacteria; typically, many of the
genes of such an endosymbiont are
shifted into the host nucleus, as they
have been in the apicomplexans and
dino?agellates. T. thermophila has no
plastids, but it has been suggested
that its ancestors did. The authors
discovered no remnants of plastid
genes within T. thermophila, strongly
suggesting that plastid acquisition
occurred after the other two groups
split off from the ciliates.
All told, the genome contains over
27,000 protein-coding genes, more
than naively expected for a single-
celled species and comparable to the
number in humans. Certain gene
families appear to have expanded
signi?cantly in T. thermophila, indicating
the likely importance of the processes
carried out by the proteins each
family encodes. An example is the
presence of over 300 genes for voltage-
gated ion channels, which control
membrane transport, a key function of
this free-living, single-celled creature.
Previous analysis of gene structure
showed that T. thermophila uses only
one stop codon (UGA) during protein
synthesis, compared to the three that
are standard in most eukaryotes; the
unused ones instead encode glutamine.
As in many other organisms, UGA
itself is also used in some genes to
encode the amino acid selenocysteine,
maki
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