Calling by Concluding Sentinels Coordinating Cooperation or Revealing Risk 英文参考文献.docVIP

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Calling by Concluding Sentinels Coordinating Cooperation or Revealing Risk 英文参考文献.doc

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Calling by Concluding Sentinels Coordinating Cooperation or Revealing Risk 英文参考文献

CallingbyConcludingSentinels:Coordinating CooperationorRevealingRisk? LindaI.Holle′n1*,MatthewB.V.Bell2¤a,AlexisRussell3¤b,FraserNiven3,AmandaR.Ridley4,AndrewN. Radford1 1School ofBiological Sciences, University ofBristol,Bristol,United Kingdom, 2Department ofZoology,UniversityofCambridge,Cambridge,United Kingdom, 3Pied BabblerResearchProject,KurumanRiverReserve,Vanzylsrus,NorthernCape,SouthAfrica, 4CentreofExcellence,PercyFitzPatrickInstitute,UniversityofCapeTown, Rondebosch,SouthAfrica Abstract Efficientcooperationrequireseffectivecoordinationofindividualcontributionstothecooperativebehaviour.Mostsocial birdsandmammalsinvolvedincooperationproducearangeofvocalisations,whichmaybeimportantinregulatingboth individual contributions and the combined group effort. Here we investigate the role of a specific call in regulating cooperative sentinel behaviour inpied babblers(Turdoides bicolor). ‘Fast-rate chuck’calls are often givenby sentinels as theyfinishguardboutsandmaypotentiallycoordinatetherotationofindividualsassentinels,minimisingtimewithouta sentinel,ormaysignalthepresenceorabsenceofpredators,regulatingtheonsetofthesubsequentsentinelbout.Weask (i)whenfast-ratechuckcallsaregivenand(ii)whateffecttheyhaveontheintervalbetweensentinelbouts.Contraryto expectation,wefindlittleevidencethatthesecallsareinvolvedinregulatingthepiedbabblersentinelsystem:observations revealedthattheirutteranceisinfluencedonlymarginallybywindconditionsandnotatallbyhabitat,whileobservations andexperimentalplaybackshowedthatthegivingofthesecallshasnoeffectoninter-boutinterval.Weconcludethatpied babblersdonotseemtocallattheendofasentinelbouttomaximisetheefficiencyofthiscooperativeact,butmayuse vocalisationsatthisstagetoinfluencemoreindividuallydrivenbehaviours. Citation: Holle′n LI, Bell MBV, Russell A, Niven F, Ridley AR, et al. (2011) Calling by Concluding Sentinels: Coordinating Cooperation or Revealing Risk? PLoS ONE6(10):e25010.doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0025010 Editor:SarahFrancesBros