Differential Brain Activation to Angry Faces by Elite Warfighters Neural Processing Evidence for Enhanced Threat Detection 英文参考文献.docVIP

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Differential Brain Activation to Angry Faces by Elite Warfighters Neural Processing Evidence for Enhanced Threat Detection 英文参考文献.doc

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Differential Brain Activation to Angry Faces by Elite Warfighters Neural Processing Evidence for Enhanced Threat Detection 英文参考文献

DifferentialBrainActivationtoAngryFacesbyElite Warfighters:NeuralProcessingEvidenceforEnhanced ThreatDetection MartinP.Paulus1,5*,AlanN.Simmons1,SummerN.Fitzpatrick1,EricG.Potterat4,5,KarlF.VanOrden2,5 , JamesBauman3,5,JudithL.Swain1,5,6 1University of California San Diego, San Diego, California, United States of America, 2Naval Health Research Center, San Diego, California, United States of America, 3UnitedStatesOlympicTrainingCenter,ChulaVista,California,UnitedStatesofAmerica,4NavalSpecialWarfareCenter,SanDiego,California,UnitedStatesofAmerica, 5OptiBrain Consortium, San Diego, California, United States of America, 6Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences-A*STAR and National University of Singapore, Singapore,Singapore Abstract Background: Little is known about the neural basis of elite performers and their optimal performance in extreme environments. The purpose of this study was to examine brain processing differences between elite warfighters and comparisonsubjectsinbrainstructuresthatareimportantforemotionprocessingandinteroception. Methodology/PrincipalFindings:NavySea,Air,andLandForces(SEALs)whileoffduty(n=11)werecomparedwithn=23 healthy male volunteers while performing a simple emotion face-processing task during functional magnetic resonance imaging.Irrespectiveofthetargetemotion,elitewarfightersrelativetocomparisonsubjectsshowedrelativelygreaterright- sidedinsula,butattenuatedleft-sidedinsula,activation.NavySEALsshowedselectivelygreateractivationtoangrytarget facesrelativetofearfulorhappytargetfacesbilaterallyintheinsula.Thiswasnotaccountedforbycontrastingpositive versusnegativeemotions.Finally,theseindividualsalsoshowedslowerresponselatenciestofearfulandhappytargetfaces thandidcomparisonsubjects. Conclusions/Significance:Thesefindingssupportthehypothesisthatelitewarfightersdeploygreaterprocessingresources towardpotentialthreat-relatedfacialexpressionsandreducedprocessingresourcestonon-threat-relatedfacialexpressions. Moreover, rather than expending m