Differentiating Protein-Coding and Noncoding RNA Challenges and Ambiguities 英文参考文献.docVIP

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Differentiating Protein-Coding and Noncoding RNA Challenges and Ambiguities 英文参考文献.doc

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Differentiating Protein-Coding and Noncoding RNA Challenges and Ambiguities 英文参考文献

Review DifferentiatingProtein-CodingandNoncodingRNA: ChallengesandAmbiguities MarcelE.Dinger1.,KenC.Pang2.,TimR.Mercer1.,JohnS.Mattick1* 1ARCSpecialResearchCentreforFunctionalandAppliedGenomics,InstituteforMolecularBioscience,UniversityofQueensland,StLucia,Australia,2TcellLaboratory, LudwigInstituteforCancerResearch,MelbourneCentreforClinicalSciences,AustinHealth,Heidelberg,Australia categories(e.g.,microRNAs,PIWI-associatedRNAs,andendog- enous small interfering RNAs) on the basis of function, length, Abstract: The assumption that RNA can be readily classified into either protein-coding or non-protein– coding categories has pervaded biology for close to 50 years. Until recently, discrimination between these two biogenesis, structural/sequence features, and protein-binding partners(reviewedin[12]).Interestingly,however,longncRNAs (.200nt) appear to comprise the largest portion of the categorieswasrelativelystraightforward:mosttranscripts mammaliannoncodingtranscriptome.Tilingarraystudiesofthe were clearly identifiable as protein-coding messenger human genome, for instance, revealed that the majority of RNAs (mRNAs), and readily distinguished from the small transcription occurs as long ncRNAs [13], some of which may number of well-characterized non-protein–coding RNAs (ncRNAs), such as transfer, ribosomal, and spliceosomal RNAs. Recent genome-wide studies have revealed the beprecursorsforsmallerRNAs,butmanyofwhicharedetectedas relatively stable polyadenylated and non-polyadenylated tran- scripts[8,14]. existence of thousands of noncoding transcripts, whose functionandsignificanceareunclear.Thediscoveryofthis hidden transcriptome and the implicit challenge it presents to our understanding of the expression and regulation of genetic information has made the need to distinguish between mRNAs and ncRNAs both more pressing and more complicated. In this Review, we consider thediverse strategies employed todiscriminate between protein-coding and noncoding transc