Digital Epidemiology 英文参考文献.docVIP

Review DigitalEpidemiology MarcelSalathe′1,2*,LinusBengtsson3,ToddJ.Bodnar1,2,DevonD.Brewer4,JohnS.Brownstein5, CarolineBuckee6,EllsworthM.Campbell1,2,CiroCattuto7,ShashankKhandelwal1,2,PatriciaL.Mabry8, AlessandroVespignani9 1CenterforInfectiousDiseaseDynamics,PennStateUniversity,UniversityPark,Pennsylvania,UnitedStatesofAmerica,2DepartmentofBiology,PennStateUniversity, UniversityPark,Pennsylvania, UnitedStatesofAmerica, 3DepartmentofPublicHealthSciences,KarolinskaInstitutet,Stockholm,Sweden, 4InterdisciplinaryScientific Research,Seattle,Washington,UnitedStatesofAmerica,5HarvardMedicalSchoolandChildren’sHospitalInformaticsProgram,Boston,Massachusetts,UnitedStatesof America,6CenterforCommunicableDiseaseDynamics,DepartmentofEpidemiology,HarvardSchoolofPublicHealth,Boston,Massachusetts,UnitedStatesofAmerica, 7InstituteforScientificInterchange(ISI)Foundation,Torino,Italy,8OfficeofBehavioralandSocialSciencesResearch,NIH,Bethesda,Maryland,UnitedStatesofAmerica, 9CollegeofComputerandInformationSciencesandBouve′ CollegeofHealthSciences,NortheasternUniversity,Boston,Massachusetts,UnitedStatesofAmerica and disseminated in near real-time through an array of online sources including chat rooms, social networks, blogs, web search Abstract: Mobile, social, real-time: the ongoing revolu- tion in theway people communicate hasgiven rise toa new kind of epidemiology. Digital data sources, when harnessed appropriately, can provide local and timely information about disease and health dynamics in populationsaroundtheworld.Therapid,unprecedented records, and online news media. These online sources provide a pictureofglobalhealththatisoftendifferent[9]fromthepicture created by traditional surveillance systems. In fact, these data streamshavebecomeinvaluabledatasourcesforanewgeneration of public health surveillance systems that operate across interna- increase in the availability of relevant data from various tional borders, fill in gaps in public health infrastructure, an