Do Womens Voices Provide Cues of the Likelihood of Ovulation The Importance of Sampling Regime 英文参考文献.docVIP

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Do Womens Voices Provide Cues of the Likelihood of Ovulation The Importance of Sampling Regime 英文参考文献.doc

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Do Womens Voices Provide Cues of the Likelihood of Ovulation The Importance of Sampling Regime 英文参考文献

DoWomen’sVoicesProvideCuesoftheLikelihoodof Ovulation?TheImportanceofSamplingRegime JuliaFischer1*,StuartSemple2,GiselaFickenscher1,RebeccaJu¨rgens1,EberhardKruse3 ,Michael Heistermann4,OferAmir5 1Cognitive Ethology Laboratory, German Primate Center, Go¨ttingen, Germany, 2Centre for Research in Evolutionary Anthropology, Roehampton University, London, UnitedKingdom,3DepartmentofPhoniatricsandPedaudiology,Georg-AugustUniversita¨tGo¨ttingen,Go¨ttingen,Germany,4ReproductiveBiologyUnit,GermanPrimate Center,Go¨ttingen,Germany,5DepartmentofCommunicationDisorders,SacklerSchoolofMedicine,Tel-AvivUniversity,Tel-Aviv,Israel Abstract The human voice provides a rich source of information about individual attributes such as body size, developmental stability and emotional state. Moreover, there is evidence that female voice characteristics change across the menstrual cycle.Apreviousstudyreportedthatwomenspeakwithhigherfundamentalfrequency(F0)inthehigh-fertilitycompared tothelow-fertilityphase.Togainfurtherinsightsintothemechanismsunderlyingthisvariationinperceivedattractiveness andtherelationshipbetweenvocalqualityandthetimingofovulation,wecombinedhormonemeasurementsandacoustic analyses,tocharacterize voicechangesonaday-to-daybasisthroughoutthemenstrualcycle.Voicecharacteristics were measuredfromfreespeechaswellassustainedvowels.Inaddition,weaskedmentoratevocalattractivenessfromselected samples.ThefreespeechsamplesrevealedmarginallysignificantvariationinF0withanincreasepriortoandadistinctdrop duringovulation.Overallvariationthroughoutthecycle,however,precludedunequivocalidentificationoftheperiodwith the highest conception risk. The analysis of vowel samples revealed a significant increase in degree of unvoiceness and noise-to-harmonicratioduringmenstruation,possiblyrelatedtoanincreaseintissuewatercontent.Neitherestrogennor progestogen levels predicted the observed changes in acoustic characteristics. The perceptual experiments revealed a preferencebymalesforvoicesamples