Dogs Cannot Bark Event-Related Brain Responses to True and False Negated Statements as Indicators of Higher-Order Conscious Processing 英文参考文献.docVIP

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Dogs Cannot Bark Event-Related Brain Responses to True and False Negated Statements as Indicators of Higher-Order Conscious Processing 英文参考文献.doc

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Dogs Cannot Bark Event-Related Brain Responses to True and False Negated Statements as Indicators of Higher-Order Conscious Processing 英文参考文献

DogsCannotBark:Event-RelatedBrainResponsesto TrueandFalseNegatedStatementsasIndicatorsof Higher-OrderConsciousProcessing CorneliaHerbert*,AndreaKu¨bler DepartmentofPsychology,UniversityofWu¨rzburg,Wu¨rzburg,Germany Abstract Thepresentstudyinvestigatedevent-relatedbrainpotentialselicitedbytrueandfalsenegatedstatementstoevaluateif discriminationofthetruthvalueofnegatedinformationreliesonconsciousprocessingandrequireshigher-ordercognitive processinginhealthysubjectsacrossdifferentlevelsofstimuluscomplexity.Thestimulusmaterialconsistedoftrueand falsenegatedsentences(sentencelevel)andprime-targetexpressions(wordlevel).Stimuliwerepresentedacousticallyand noovertbehavioralresponseoftheparticipantswasrequired.Event-relatedbrainpotentialstotargetwordsprecededby trueandfalsenegatedexpressionswereanalyzedbothwithingroupandatthesinglesubjectlevel.Acrossthedifferent processingconditions(wordpairsandsentences),targetwordselicitedafrontalnegativityandalatepositivityinthetime windowfrom600–1000msecposttargetwordonset.Amplitudesofbothbrainpotentialsvariedasafunctionofthetruth value of the negated expressions. Results were confirmed at the single-subject level. In sum, our results support recent suggestionsaccordingtowhichevaluationofthetruthvalueofanegatedexpressionisatime-andcognitivelydemanding processthatcannotbesolvedautomatically,andthusrequiresconsciousprocessing.Ourparadigmprovidesinsightinto higher-orderprocessingrelatedtolanguagecomprehensionandreasoninginhealthysubjects.Futurestudiesareneeded toevaluateifourparadigmalsoprovessensitiveforthedetectionofconsciousnessinnon-responsivepatients. Citation: Herbert C, Ku¨bler A (2011) Dogs Cannot Bark: Event-Related Brain Responses to True and False Negated Statements as Indicators of Higher-Order ConsciousProcessing.PLoSONE6(10):e25574.doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0025574 Editor:LawrenceM.Ward,UniversityofBritishColumbia,Canada ReceivedMay3,2011;AcceptedSeptember7,2011;PublishedOctober11,2011 Copyright: ? 2011 Herbert, Ku¨bler. This