Effect of Birth Year on Birth Weight and Obesity in Adulthood Comparison between Subjects Born Prior to and during the Great Depression in Iceland 英文参考文献.docVIP

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Effect of Birth Year on Birth Weight and Obesity in Adulthood Comparison between Subjects Born Prior to and during the Great Depression in Iceland 英文参考文献.doc

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Effect of Birth Year on Birth Weight and Obesity in Adulthood Comparison between Subjects Born Prior to and during the Great Depression in Iceland 英文参考文献

EffectofBirthYearonBirthWeightandObesityin Adulthood:ComparisonbetweenSubjectsBornPriorto andduringtheGreatDepressioninIceland CindyMariImai1*,ThorhallurIngiHalldorsson1,IngibjorgGunnarsdottir1,VilmundurGudnason2,3, ThorAspelund2,3,GudmundurJonsson4,BryndisEvaBirgisdottir1,IngaThorsdottir1 1UnitforNutritionResearch,LandspitaliUniversityHospitalandFacultyofFoodScienceandNutrition,SchoolofHealthSciences,UniversityofIceland,Reykjavik,Iceland, 2Icelandic Heart Assocation, Kopavogur, Iceland, 3Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland, 4Faculty of Humanities, DepartmentofHistoryandPhilosophy,UniversityofIceland,Reykjavik,Iceland Abstract Background:Manyepidemiologicalstudieshavelinkedsmallsizeatbirthtoadverseadulthealthoutcomesbuttherelative influenceofenvironmentalexposuresislesswellestablished. Methods:Theauthorsinvestigatedtheimpactofprenatalenvironmentalexposurebycomparing2750participantsborn before(1925–1929)andduring(1930–1934)theGreatDepressioninReykjavik,Iceland.Calendaryearservedasproxyfor environmental effects. Anthropometric measurements at birth and school-age (8–13 years) were collected from national registries.Participantsweremedicallyexaminedasadults(33–65years). Results:Meanbirthweight,adjustedformaternalageandparity,decreasedby97g(95%confidenceinterval(CI):39,156) for men and 70g (95% CI: 11, 129) for women from 1925 to 1934; growth at school-age was significantly reduced for participantsgrowingduringtheDepression.Asadults,womenprenatallyexposedtotheDepressionhadhigherbodymass index(D0.6kg/m2,95%CI:0.2,1.1),higherfastingbloodglucoselevels(D0.16mmol/L,95%CI:0.07,0.23)andgreaterodds ofbeingobese1.43(95%CI:1.01,2.02)comparedtounexposedcounterparts.Non-significantassociationswereobserved inmen. Conclusion: Reduction in birth weight due to rapid shifts in the economic environment appears to have a modest but significantassociationwithlaterobesityforwomenwhilemaleoffspringappeartobelessaffectedbytheseconditions.