Egyptian H5N1 Influenza Viruses—Cause for Concern 英文参考文献.docVIP

Opinion EgyptianH5N1InfluenzaViruses—CauseforConcern? GabrieleNeumann1,CatherineA.Macken2,AlexanderI.Karasin1,RonA.M.Fouchier3, YoshihiroKawaoka1,4,5,6,7 * 1DepartmentofPathobiologicalSciences,UniversityofWisconsin-Madison,Madison,Wisconsin,UnitedStatesofAmerica,2TheoreticalDivision,LosAlamosNational Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico, United States of America, 3Department of Virology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, 4ERATO Infection- InducedHostResponsesProject,Saitama,Japan,5DepartmentofSpecialPathogens,InternationalResearchCenterforInfectiousDiseases,InstituteofMedicalScience, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan, 6Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Kobe University, Hyogo, Japan, 7Division of Virology, Department of MicrobiologyandImmunology,InstituteofMedicalScience,UniversityofTokyo,Tokyo,Japan Highly pathogenic avian H5N1 influ- enza viruses are now enzootic in parts of Southeast Asia and the Middle East. Occasionally, these viruses transmit to identified in the ‘‘Herfst virus’’) that conferred human-type receptor-binding specificity.Viruspassagesinferretsresult- ed in the selection of two additional mutations in HA. One of these, HA- N154D, resulted in the loss of the same glycosylation site as HA-T156A in the ‘‘Herfst virus’’; the other, T314I, affected HAstability[12]). [19]) and is critical for H5N1 virus transmissibilityinguineapigs[20].Inthe Herfst and Imai studies, loss of this glycosylationsiteoccurredduringthefirst virus passages in ferrets, suggesting that thistraitisessentialforH5virustransmis- sibilityinferrets. humans and cause severe respiratory disease and fatalities. Currently, these virusesarenotefficientlytransmittedfrom persontoperson,althoughlimitedhuman- to-humantransmissionmayhaveoccurred [1–4]. A major determinant of influenza virushostrangeistheviralhemagglutinin Since lack of the HA154–156 glycosyl- ation site appears to be critical for H5 virus transmission in mammals, we in- Although t