Elevated Mortality among Birds in Chernobyl as Judged from Skewed Age and Sex Ratios 英文参考文献.docVIP

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Elevated Mortality among Birds in Chernobyl as Judged from Skewed Age and Sex Ratios 英文参考文献.doc

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Elevated Mortality among Birds in Chernobyl as Judged from Skewed Age and Sex Ratios 英文参考文献

ElevatedMortalityamongBirdsinChernobylasJudged fromSkewedAgeandSexRatios AndersPapeM?ller1*,AndreaBonisoli-Alquati2,GeirRudolfsen3,TimothyA.Mousseau2 1Laboratoired’Ecologie,Syste′matiqueetEvolution,CNRSUMR8079,Universite′Paris-Sud,Ba?timent362,Orsay,France,2DepartmentofBiologicalSciences,Universityof SouthCarolina,Columbia,SouthCarolina,UnitedStatesofAmerica,3NorwegianRadiationProtectionAuthority(NRPA),DepartmentofEnvironmentalRadioactivity,The FramCenter,Troms?,Norway Abstract Background:Radiationhasnegativeeffectsonsurvivalofanimalsincludinghumans,althoughthegeneralityofthisclaimis poorly documented under low-dose field conditions. Because females may suffer disproportionately from the effects of radiationonsurvivalduetodifferencesinsexrolesduringreproduction,radiation-inducedmortalitymayresultinmale- skewedadultsexratios. Methodology/Principal Finding: We estimated the effects of low-dose radiation on adult survival rates in birds by determiningageratiosofadultscapturedinmistnetsduringthebreedingseasoninrelationtobackgroundradiationlevels aroundChernobylandinnearbyuncontaminatedcontrolareas.Ageratioswereskewedtowardsyearlings,especiallyinthe mostcontaminatedareas,implyingthatadultsurvivalrateswerereducedincontaminatedareas,andthatpopulationsin such areas could only be maintained through immigration from nearby uncontaminated areas. Differential mortality in females resulted in a strongly male-skewed sex ratio in the most contaminated areas. In addition, males sang disproportionatelycommonlyinthemostcontaminatedareaswherethesexratiowasmaleskewedpresumablybecause males had difficulty finding and acquiring mates when females were rare. The results were not caused by permanent emigrationbyfemalesfromthemostcontaminatedareasbecausenoneoftherecapturedbirdshadchangedbreedingsite, andtheproportionofindividualswithmorphologicalabnormalitiesdidnotdiffersignificantlybetweenthesexesforareas withnormalandhigherlevelsofcontamination. Conclusions/Significance:Thesefindingsar