Epstein–Barr Virus MicroRNAs Are Evolutionarily Conserved and Differentially Expressed 英文参考文献.docVIP

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Epstein–Barr Virus MicroRNAs Are Evolutionarily Conserved and Differentially Expressed 英文参考文献.doc

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Epstein–Barr Virus MicroRNAs Are Evolutionarily Conserved and Differentially Expressed 英文参考文献

Epstein–BarrVirusMicroRNAsAre EvolutionarilyConservedandDifferentially Expressed Xuezhong Cai1,Alexandra Scha¨fer1,Shihua Lu1¤,John P.Bilello2,Ronald C.Desrosiers2,Rachel Edwards3, Nancy Raab-Traub3,Bryan R.Cullen1* 1CenterforVirologyandDepartmentofMolecularGeneticsandMicrobiology,DukeUniversityMedicalCenter,Durham,NorthCarolina,UnitedStatesofAmerica,2New EnglandPrimateResearchCenter,HarvardMedicalSchool,Southborough,Massachusetts,UnitedStatesofAmerica,3DepartmentofMicrobiologyandImmunologyand LinebergerComprehensiveCancerCenter,UniversityofNorthCarolinaatChapelHill,ChapelHill,NorthCarolina,UnitedStatesofAmerica The pathogenic lymphocryptovirus Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) is shown to express at least 17 distinct microRNAs (miRNAs)inlatentlyinfectedcells.Thesearearrangedintwoclusters:14miRNAsarelocatedintheintronsoftheviral BART gene while three are located adjacent to BHRF1. The BART miRNAs are expressed at high levels in latently infected epithelial cells andatlower, albeitdetectable, levels inBcells.In contrastto thetissue-specific expression patternoftheBARTmiRNAs,theBHRF1miRNAsarefoundathighlevelsinBcellsundergoingstageIIIlatencybutare essentiallyundetectableinBcellsorepithelialcellsundergoingstageIorIIlatency.InductionoflyticEBVreplication wasfoundtoenhancetheexpressionofmany,butnotall,oftheseviralmiRNAs.Rhesuslymphocryptovirus,whichis separatedfromEBVby13millionyearsofevolution,expressesatleast16distinctmiRNAs,sevenofwhichareclosely relatedtoEBVmiRNAs.Thus,lymphocryptovirusmiRNAsareunderpositiveselectionandarelikelytoplayimportant rolesinthevirallifecycle.Moreover,thedifferentialregulationofEBVmiRNAexpressionimpliesdistinctrolesduring infectionofdifferenthumantissues. Citation:CaiX,Scha¨ferA,LuS,BilelloJP,DesrosiersRC,etal.(2006)Epstein–BarrvirusmicroRNAsareevolutionarilyconservedanddifferentiallyexpressed.PLosPathog2(3): e23. (KSHV), human cytomegalovirus, and mouse herpesvirus 68 have previously been reported to encode ?ve, eleven, nine, Introduction MicroR