Environmental Enrichment Modulates Cortico-Cortical Interactions in the Mouse 英文参考文献.docVIP

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Environmental Enrichment Modulates Cortico-Cortical Interactions in the Mouse 英文参考文献.doc

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Environmental Enrichment Modulates Cortico-Cortical Interactions in the Mouse 英文参考文献

EnvironmentalEnrichmentModulatesCortico-Cortical InteractionsintheMouse AngeloDiGarbo1.,MarcoMainardi2.,SantiChillemi1,LambertoMaffei2,MatteoCaleo2* 1InstituteofBiophysics,CNR-NationalResearchCouncil,Pisa,Italia,2NeuroscienceInstitute,CNR-NationalResearchCouncil,Pisa,Italia Abstract Environmentalenrichment(EE)isanexperimentalprotocolbasedonacomplexsensorimotorstimulationthatdramatically affectsbraindevelopment.WhileitiswidelybelievedthattheeffectsofEEresultfromtheuniquecombinationofdifferent sensoryandmotorstimuli,itisnotknownwhetherandhowcortico-corticalinteractionsareshapedbyEE.Sincetheprimary visualcortex(V1)isoneofthebestcharacterizedtargetsofEE,welookedfordirectcortico-corticalprojectionsimpinging onV1,andweidentifiedadirectmonosynapticconnectionbetweenmotorcortexandV1inthemousebrain.Tomeasure theinteractionsbetweentheseareasunderstandardandEErearingconditions,weusedsimultaneousrecordingsoflocal fieldpotentials(LFPs)inawake,freelymovinganimals.LFPsignalswereanalyzedbyusingdifferentmethodsoflinearand nonlinearanalysisoftimeseries(cross-correlation,mutualinformation,phasesynchronization).WefoundthatEEdecreases thelevelofcouplingbetweentheelectricalactivitiesofthetwocorticalregionswithrespecttothecontrolgroup.Froma functionalpointofview,ourresultsindicate,forthefirsttime,thatanenhancedsensorimotorexperienceimpactsonthe brainbyaffectingthefunctionalcrosstalkbetweendifferentcorticalareas. Citation: DiGarbo A,MainardiM, Chillemi S,MaffeiL,CaleoM(2011) EnvironmentalEnrichmentModulatesCortico-Cortical Interactions intheMouse. PLoS ONE6(9):e25285.doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0025285 Editor:HuibertD.Mansvelder,VUUniversity,TheNetherlands ReceivedApril29,2011;AcceptedAugust31,2011;PublishedSeptember22,2011 Copyright: ? 2011 Di Garbo et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricteduse,distribution,andreproductioninanymedium,providedtheoriginalauthorandsourcearecredited. Funding:Thisw