Error-Prone ZW Pairing and No Evidence for Meiotic Sex Chromosome Inactivation in the Chicken Germ Line 英文参考文献.docVIP

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Error-Prone ZW Pairing and No Evidence for Meiotic Sex Chromosome Inactivation in the Chicken Germ Line 英文参考文献.doc

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Error-Prone ZW Pairing and No Evidence for Meiotic Sex Chromosome Inactivation in the Chicken Germ Line 英文参考文献

Error-ProneZWPairingandNoEvidenceforMeioticSex ChromosomeInactivationintheChickenGermLine SilvanaGuioli*,RobinLovell-Badge,JamesM.A.Turner DivisionofStemCellBiologyandDevelopmentalGenetics,MedicalResearchCouncil,NationalInstituteforMedicalResearch,London,UnitedKingdom Abstract InthemalemousetheXandYchromosomespairandrecombinewithinthesmallpseudoautosomalregion.Geneslocated on the unsynapsed segments of the X and Y are transcriptionally silenced at pachytene by Meiotic Sex Chromosome Inactivation(MSCI).ThedegreetowhichMSCIisconservedinothervertebratesiscurrentlyunclear.Inthefemalechicken theZWbivalentisthoughttoundergoatransientphaseoffullsynapsisatpachytene,startingfromthehomologousends andspreadingthroughtheheterologousregions.IthasbeenproposedthattherepairoftheZWDNAdouble-strandbreaks (DSBs)ispostponeduntildiploteneandthattheZWbivalentissubjecttoMSCI,whichisindependentofitssynapticstatus. HerewepresentadistinctmodelofmeioticpairingandsilencingoftheZWpairduringchickenoogenesis.Weshowthat,in most oocytes, DNA DSB foci on the ZW are resolved by the end of pachytene and that the ZW desynapses in broad synchronywiththeautosomes.WeunexpectedlyfindthatZWpairingishighlyerrorprone,withmanyoocytesfailingto engageinZWsynapsisandcrossoverformation.OocyteswithunsynapsedZandWchromosomesneverthelessprogressto thediplotenestage,suggestingthatacheckpointdoesnotoperateduringpachyteneinthechickengermline.Usinga combination of epigenetic profiling and RNA–FISH analysis, we find no evidence for MSCI, associated with neither the asynapticZW,asdescribedinmammals,northesynapticZW.ThelackofconservationofMSCIinthechickenreopensthe debateabouttheevolutionofMSCIanditsdrivingforces. Citation:GuioliS,Lovell-BadgeR,TurnerJMA(2012)Error-ProneZWPairingandNoEvidenceforMeioticSexChromosomeInactivationintheChickenGerm Line.PLoSGenet8(3):e1002560.doi:10.1371/journal.pgen.1002560 Editor:TerryJ.Hassold,WashingtonStateUniversity,UnitedStatesofAmerica ReceivedSeptember1,2011;AcceptedJanuary12,2012;Publ