Evidence for Pervasive Adaptive Protein Evolution in Wild Mice 英文参考文献.docVIP

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Evidence for Pervasive Adaptive Protein Evolution in Wild Mice 英文参考文献.doc

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Evidence for Pervasive Adaptive Protein Evolution in Wild Mice 英文参考文献

EvidenceforPervasiveAdaptiveProteinEvolutionin WildMice DanielL.Halligan1,FionaOliver1,AdamEyre-Walker2,BettinaHarr3,PeterD.Keightley1* 1InstituteofEvolutionaryBiology,SchoolofBiologicalSciences,UniversityofEdinburgh,Edinburgh,UnitedKingdom,2CentrefortheStudyofEvolutionandSchoolof LifeSciences,UniversityofSussex,Brighton,UnitedKingdom,3Max-Planck-InstituteforEvolutionaryBiology,Plo¨n,Germany Abstract The relative contributions of neutral and adaptive substitutions to molecular evolution has been one of the most controversialissuesinevolutionarybiologyformorethan40years.Theanalysisofwithin-speciesnucleotidepolymorphism and between-species divergence data supports a widespread role for adaptive protein evolution in certain taxa. For example, estimates of the proportion of adaptive amino acid substitutions (a) are 50% or more in enteric bacteria and Drosophila. In contrast, recent estimates of a for hominids have been at most 13%. Here, we estimate a for protein sequences of murid rodents based on nucleotidepolymorphism datafrom multiplegenes ina populationof thehouse mousesubspeciesMusmusculuscastaneus,whichinhabitstheancestralrangeoftheMusspeciescomplexandnucleotide divergencebetweenM.m.castaneusandM.famulusortherat.Weestimatethat57%ofaminoacidsubstitutionsinmurids have been driven by positive selection. Hominids, therefore, are exceptional in having low apparent levels of adaptive protein evolution. The high frequency of adaptive amino acid substitutions in wild mice is consistent with their large effective population size, leading to effective natural selection at the molecular level. Effective natural selection also manifestsitselfasapaucityofeffectivelyneutralnonsynonymousmutationsinM.m.castaneuscomparedtohumans. Citation: Halligan DL, Oliver F, Eyre-Walker A, Harr B, Keightley PD (2010) Evidence for Pervasive Adaptive Protein Evolution in Wild Mice. PLoS Genet 6(1): e1000825.doi:10.1371/journal.pgen.1000825 Editor:MichaelW.Nachman,UniversityofArizona,UnitedSta