Evidence for Positive Selection in Putative Virulence Factors within the Paracoccidioides brasiliensis Species Complex 英文参考文献.docVIP

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Evidence for Positive Selection in Putative Virulence Factors within the Paracoccidioides brasiliensis Species Complex 英文参考文献.doc

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Evidence for Positive Selection in Putative Virulence Factors within the Paracoccidioides brasiliensis Species Complex 英文参考文献

EvidenceforPositiveSelectioninPutativeVirulence FactorswithintheParacoccidioidesbrasiliensisSpecies Complex DanielR.Matute1*,LinaM.Quesada-Ocampo2,JasonT.Rauscher3,JuanG.McEwen4,5 1DepartmentofEcologyandEvolution,UniversityofChicago,Chicago,Illinois,UnitedStatesofAmerica,2DepartmentofPlantPathology,MichiganStateUniversity,East Lansing,Michigan,UnitedStatesofAmerica,3DepartmentofBiology,UniversityofPuertoRico–R?′oPiedras,SanJuan,PuertoRico,4Corporacio′nparaInvestigaciones Biolo′gicas(CIB),Medell?′n,Colombia,5UniversidaddeAntioquia,Medell?′n,Colombia Abstract Paracoccidioidesbrasiliensisisadimorphicfungusthatisthecausativeagentofparacoccidioidomycosis,themostimportant prevalentsystemicmycosisinLatinAmerica.Recently,theexistenceofthreegeneticallyisolatedgroupsinP.brasiliensiswas demonstrated, enabling comparative studies of molecular evolution among P. brasiliensis lineages. Thirty-two gene sequencescodingforputativevirulencefactorswereanalyzedtodeterminewhethertheywereunderpositiveselection. Ourmaximumlikelihood–basedapproachyieldedevidenceforselectionin12genesthatareinvolvedindifferentcellular processes.An in-depthanalysis offour ofthesegenesshowedthemtobeeitherantigenic orinvolvedin pathogenesis. Here,wepresentevidenceindicatingthatseveralreplacementmutationsingp43areunderpositivebalancingselection. Theotherthreegenes(fks,cdc42andp27)showverylittlevariationamongtheP.brasiliensislineagesandappeartobe underpositivedirectionalselection.Ourresultsareconsistentwiththemoregeneralobservationsthatselectiveconstraints arevariableacrossthegenome,andthateveninthegenesunderpositiveselection,onlyafewsitesarealtered.Wepresent our results within an evolutionary framework that may be applicable for studying adaptation and pathogenesis in P. brasiliensisandotherpathogenicfungi. Citation: Matute DR, Quesada-Ocampo LM, Rauscher JT, McEwen JG (2008) Evidence for Positive Selection in Putative Virulence Factors within the ParacoccidioidesbrasiliensisSpeciesComplex.PLoSNeglTropD