Evolution and Optimality of Similar Neural Mechanisms for Perception and Action during Search 英文参考文献.docVIP

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Evolution and Optimality of Similar Neural Mechanisms for Perception and Action during Search 英文参考文献.doc

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Evolution and Optimality of Similar Neural Mechanisms for Perception and Action during Search 英文参考文献

EvolutionandOptimalityofSimilarNeuralMechanisms forPerceptionandActionduringSearch ShengZhang,MiguelP.Eckstein* VisionandImageUnderstanding,DepartmentofPsychology,UniversityofCalifornia,SantaBarbara,California,UnitedStatesofAmerica Abstract Aprevailingtheoryproposesthatthebrain’stwovisualpathways,theventralanddorsal,leadtodifferingvisualprocessing andworldrepresentationsforconsciousperceptionthanthoseforaction.Othershaveclaimedthatperceptionandaction sharemuchoftheirvisualprocessing.Butwhichofthesetwoneuralarchitecturesisfavoredbyevolution?Successfulvisual searchislife-criticalandhereweinvestigatetheevolutionandoptimalityofneuralmechanismsmediatingperceptionand eyemovementactionsforvisualsearchinnaturalimages.WeimplementanapproximationtotheidealBayesiansearcher with two separate processing streams, one controlling the eye movements and the other stream determining the perceptualsearchdecisions.Wevirtuallyevolvedtheneuralmechanismsofthesearchers’twoseparatepathwaysbuiltfrom linearcombinationsofprimaryvisualcortexreceptivefields(V1)bymakingthesimulatedindividuals’probabilityofsurvival depend on the perceptual accuracy finding targets in cluttered backgrounds. We find that for a variety of targets, backgrounds, and dependence of target detectability on retinal eccentricity, the mechanisms of the searchers’ two processingstreamsconvergetosimilarrepresentationsshowingthatmismatchesinthemechanismsforperceptionand eyemovementsleadtosuboptimalsearch.Threeexceptionswhichresultedinpartialornoconvergencewereacaseofan organism for which the targets are equally detectable across the retina, an organism with sufficient time to foveate all possibletargetlocations,andastricttwo-pathwaymodelwithnointerconnectionsanddifferentialpre-filteringbasedon parvocellularandmagnocellularlateralgeniculatecellproperties.Thus,similarneuralmechanismsforperceptionandeye movementactionsduringsearchareoptimalandshouldbeexpectedfromtheeffectsofnaturalselectiononanorganism withlimitedtimetosearchforf